With the increasing popularity of the network, Ethernet has been widely used because of its wide distribution and convenient access. At the same time, due to the continuous innovation of Ethernet technology and the continuous development of new functions, it has gradually become the most popular network technology in the world. Gigabit Ethernet is a technology based on the Ethernet standard, and has become the mainstream because of its high efficiency, high speed and high performance Network technology. This paper presents a hardware design scheme of Gigabit Ethernet data acquisition system based on FPGA, including power module, clock module, FPGA main controller module, 88e1111 Ethernet module, which realizes data acquisition and transmission. The system is miniaturized, low-cost and portable. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.