多孔陶瓷膜过滤技术是世界公认的高效去除高温气体中颗粒物的最具发展潜力的技术。多孔陶瓷是该技术实现气固分离的核心部件，是高温过滤装置能否长期稳定运行的关键。碳化硅多孔陶瓷材料被认为是高温烟气过滤中最有前途的材料之一。然而，材料在使用时会受到温度较低的反向脉冲清灰气流的频繁热冲击，在材料中产生较大的热应力。在热-力耦合作用下，材料的机械性能会出现衰减，严重时会影响高温烟气净化装置的正常运行。为此，本文选取典型的碳化硅多孔陶瓷材料，分别从实验和数值模拟两个方面对其损毁进行研究。采用热冲击实验研究了氧化物结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷材料的抗热冲击性能，结合三点弯曲法和单边切口梁法，考察了温差、热震次数、冷却介质等对碳化硅多孔陶瓷材料的剩余抗折强度及断裂韧性的影响。发现氧化物结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷具有多孔陶瓷典型的热震温差-强度特性，抗弯强度均随温差的增大而降低。在热冲击次数较少时材料强度呈现由快速到缓慢的降低趋势。并且研究了热冲击换热过程中影响材料抗热冲击性能的因素，发现表面换热系数较小的材料展现出较好的抗热冲击性能。实验证实了预制一定的裂纹可以增强材料的断裂韧性。采用实验数据拟合得到热应力-温差关系公式，与理论计算结果较吻合，可作为预测在不同热冲击温差下碳化硅多孔陶瓷热应力的一种参考方法。针对高温烟气净化用陶瓷膜过滤实验装置，建立了三维模型，采用流体力学计算软件（Fluent）通过求解控制方程，计算出过滤器在稳态过滤时的压力场、速度场和温度场等的分布特点，并探究了在非稳态脉冲清灰过程中热-力耦合致陶瓷膜过滤材料损毁的机理，确定了陶瓷膜过滤管最易损毁的位置。本论文的研究工作可为陶瓷膜过滤材料的材质优化、结构设计及净化装置的设计提供理论指导。;Porous ceramic membrane filtration technology is the most widely recognized technology in the world for efficient removal of particulate matter in high-temperature gas. Porous ceramic is the core component of this technology to achieve gas-solid separation, and it is the key to the long-term stable operation of high-temperature filtration devices. Silicon carbide porous ceramic materials are considered to be one of the most promising materials in high-temperature flue gas filtration. However, when the material is used, it will be subjected to the frequent thermal shock of a reverse pulse dust cleaning airflow at a relatively low temperature, which will cause greater thermal stress in the material. Under the effect of thermal-mechanical coupling, the mechanical properties of the material will decline, which will affect the normal operation of the high-temperature flue gas dust removal device in severe cases. To this end, this paper selects typical silicon carbide porous ceramic materials and studies their damage from two aspects, experimental and numerical simulation.The thermal shock resistance of the oxidation-bonded silicon carbide porous ceramic material was studied by thermal shock experiments. The effects of temperature difference, number of thermal shocks, and cooling medium on the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the silicon carbide porous ceramic materials were investigated using the three-point flexural method and the single-side notched beam method. It is found that the oxidation-bonded silicon carbide porous ceramics have the typical thermal shock temperature difference-strength characteristics of porous ceramics, and the flexural strength decreases with the increase of the temperature difference. When the number of thermal shocks is small, the strength of the material decreases from fast to slow. In addition, the factors that affect the thermal shock resistance of the material during the thermal shock heat exchange process were studied, and it was found that materials with a smaller heat transfer coefficient exhibited better thermal shock resistance. Experiments have verified that prefabricating certain cracks can enhance the fracture toughness of the material. The thermal stress-temperature difference relationship formula is obtained by fitting experimental data, which is in good agreement with the theoretical calculation results, and it can be used as a reference method to predict the thermal stress of SiC porous ceramics under different thermal shock temperature differences.Aiming at the ceramic membrane filtration experimental device for high-temperature flue gas purification, a three-dimensional model was established, and the Fluent software was used to solve the governing equations to calculate the distribution characteristics of the filter's velocity field, pressure field and temperature field during steady-state filtration. The mechanism of ceramic membrane filter material damage caused by thermal-mechanical coupling during the non-steady-state pulsed dust cleaning process was explored, and the most vulnerable position of the ceramic membrane filter tube was determined. The research work in this paper can provide theoretical guidance for the material optimization, structural design and purification device design of ceramic membrane filter materials.