成长环境的城乡差异与创造性成就的关系： 坚毅性人格的中介作用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王战旗 |
| 答辩日期 | 2020-01 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 张兴利 |
| 关键词 | 创造力成就 CAQ问卷 成长环境 坚毅性人格 中介作用 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士（同等学力硕士） |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Relationship Between Urban and Rural Differences of Growth Environment and Creative Achievement: the Mediating Role of Grit |
| 中文摘要 | Creative achievement can be defined as the sum of creative products generated by an individual in the course of his or her lifetime. Early studies of creativity were mainly about creative achievement of eminent creators. Under the influence of cognitive psychology, subsequent wave of creativity study mainly focused on the cognitive mechanism of creativity. Then researchers began to realize that environment also plays an important role in the course of creativity, and proposed different systems theories of creativity. Reviewing the history of creativity study, early personality perspective on creativity were mainly of correlational features, and quantitative studies focusing on the deeper mechanism of the interaction between environment and creator are comparatively sparse. Early personality perspective studies of creativity found that grit is a common characteristic of eminent creators, creativity stages study and Investment theory of creativity also implicitly or explicitly point out the importance of this personality trait, but the few studies on the relationship between grit and creative achievements produce inconsistent conclusions. Meanwhile studies find that grit may compensate for detrimental effect of unfavorable environment to individuals. Theoretical and empirical studies also show that environment factors affect creativity fundamentally. So this study will research on the influence of grit—which is also an important personality trait valued by Chinese people— and environment on creative achievements. This research contains two studies. In Study 1 we imported Carson et al.’s Creative Achievement Questionnaire (CAQ) into Chinese for use in Study 2. In Study 2 we first studied the relationship among growth environment, grit and creative achievement, and then studied the mediator rule of grit between growth environment and creative achievement.In Study 1, we first translated the original questionnaire into Chinese, and then translated it back into English, and then culturally adjusted it. Then we checked the test-retest reliability. Then the Unusual Uses Task (UUT) of TTCT, and Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory brief version, CBF-PI-B are used to test CAQ’s convergent validity. Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) is used to test CAQ’s discriminant validity. Last, we test its construct validity by exploratory factor analysis. Study result shows that the Chinese version of CAQ has acceptable validity and reliability among Chinese graduate students. In study 2 (n = 320) we measure grit and creative achievements with C-CAQ and a Chinese version of Grit-12 by Duckworth, and urban and rural differences of growth environment is operationalized as rural area, county, medium-small city and provincial capital / municipalities, as a four-level ordinal variable. Statistics show shat 1) growth environment is significantly correlated with creative achievements in art domains (Spearman’s rho = .26, p < .01), and not significantly correlated with creative achievements in scientific domains, 2) perseverance is correlated with creative achievements in both scientific and art domains (Spearman’s rho = .19 and .20, p < .01), and 3) there is a mediator effect by grit between growth environment and creative achievements in art domains, but not scientific domains. The above studies show that 1) the Chinese revised version of Creative Achievement Questionnaire has sufficiently good validity and reliability, 2) growth environment significantly affects adult creative achievements in art domain, 3) the personality of grit can significantly predict creative achievement, and 4) can show a “resource substitution” effect against detrimental effect by unfavorable growth environment on creative achievements in art and scientific fields. This provide empirical proof for systems models of creativity. The current research result shows that we may have to face favorable or unfavorable environments, but grit can compensate for these factors. |
| 英文摘要 | 创造性成就指个人以往产生的创造性产品的总和。早期的创造力研究多数以创造性成就为研究主题，以杰出创造力者为对象展开，主要考察杰出创造力者的人格特征。而随后的创造力的研究受认知心理学兴起的影响，进入了以研究创造力认知机制的时代。然后随着人们认识到环境因素对创造力也产生重要影响，逐步提出越来越完善的创造力系统理论。观创造力的研究历史，以往的实证研究多以相关研究为主，对影响个体创造力的环境和个体因素的交互机制的实证研究也较少。早期很多创造力的人格研究都发现坚毅性是杰出创造力者普遍具有的人格品质，创造力的认知研究和投资理论也直接或间接指出了该人格的重要性；但是现有的几个对二者的关系进行的实证研究结论并不一致。也有研究发现坚毅性能够弥补不利环境因素对个体的不利影响。因此本研究试图在中国社会文化情境下研究坚毅性这一重要的人格品质和成长环境对个体创造性成就的影响。本研究包含两项研究，研究一对Carson等编制的创造性成就问卷（Creative Achievement Questionnaire，CAQ）进行了中文修订；研究二在分别探索成长环境与创造性成就、成长环境与坚毅性、坚毅性与创造性成就的基础上，进一步探讨了坚毅性在成长环境对创造性成就的影响中起到的中介作用。研究一对CAQ问卷进行了翻译、回译和文化调适后形成了中文修订版，然后检验了其信效度。首先选取了59名成人为被试，考察间隔2周的重测信度，结果为.77。然后选取107名成人被试，施测托兰斯创造性思维测验（Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking，TTCT）的非常规用途任务（Unusual Uses Task，UUT）、中国大五人格简式版，以考察CAQ问卷的聚合效度，结果发现与UUT任务的流畅性、灵活性和独创性指标及大五人格的开放性相关显著（与UUT任务各指标相关为：流畅性.18、灵活性.19、独创性.24；与大五人格的开放性维度相关.27）；用瑞文标准推理测验考察CAQ问卷和智力的区分效度，结果显示二者相关系数0.20，（p = .03），显示问卷和智力有良好的区分度；以324名成人被试考察10个领域的结构，探索性因素分析结果支持问卷的领域特殊性构想。研究表明，CAQ问卷中文版在我国的成人群体具有较好的信度和效度。研究二对被试（n = 319）施测CAQ问卷中文修订版以测量创造性成就，施测坚毅量表以测量坚毅性人格，用个体18岁前生活的环境按照农村、县城、中小城市和省会城市/直辖市四个类别的顺序变量作为成长环境城乡差异变量的操作性指标。统计发现成长环境和艺术领域创造性成就显著相关（r = .26, p < .01），和科学领域创造性成就相关不显著；成长环境和努力坚持显著负相关相关（r = –.16, p < .01）；努力坚持和科学及艺术领域创造性成就均显著相关（r = .19和.20, p < .01）；中介效应检验结果显示坚毅性在成长环境和个体科学、艺术创造性成就之间的中介效应显著。以上研究结果表明：第一、修订的创造性成就问卷在中国成人群体具有较好的信度和效度；第二、以城市—农村为分类的成长环境显著影响个体成年后取得的艺术领域创造性成就的高低，即18岁以前生活在城市地区的个体的艺术领域创造性成就总体高于对应的农村地区个体；第三、坚毅性人格也显著正向预测科学和艺术领域创造性成就；第四、坚毅性人格能够减小不利成长环境对个体的科学和艺术领域创造性成就的影响，起到一定的“资源替代”（resource substitution）作用，其中坚毅性对科学创造性成就的中介作用为完全中介，即坚毅性能够完全弥补城乡差异对个体科学创造性成就的影响。研究结果对创造力系统理论提供了实证支持。研究结果说明，虽然我们的成长环境存在这样或那样的差异，但是通过努力坚持，可以在一定程度上弥补这种差异对个体带来的不利影响。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41545]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王战旗. 成长环境的城乡差异与创造性成就的关系： 坚毅性人格的中介作用[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所. 2020. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。