《心理理论的毕生发展：脑影像学证据》
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 曹莹 |
| 答辩日期 | 2021-07 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 左西年 |
| 关键词 | 情感性心理理论 认知性心理理论 毕生发展,脑影像 磁共振成像 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士（同等学力硕士） |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | 《Theory of Mind across human lifespan: Brain imaging evidence》 |
| 中文摘要 | Being aware of others' emotions, understanding their intentions and mental states is an important ability that is essential for the harmony of interpersonal relationships. In psychology, this ability corresponds to the concept of theory of mind (ToM), which has been one of the hot topics of research. In previous studies, many important findings have been obtained about its conceptual connotations, explanatory models and research paradigms. However, the behavioral research paradigm has limitation on the age of subjects and is not applicable to the measurement of the lifetime age range. Besides, different researches still disagreed on the criteria for the components or concepts of ToM. Therefore, the questions of “When the ToM actually occurs?” and “Is there a ToM in early infancy?” and “What are the lifelong developmental patterns of ToM?” still need to be explored in-depth.In recent years, with the development of cognitive neuroscience, neuroimaging technology has been increasingly applied to children of all ages, such as infants. Meanwhile, its biological measure indices facilitated the research on the lifespan development of ToM. Therefore, this thesis started from two aspects to explore the unanswered questions in the lifespan ToM development.In the first study, we retrieved previous researches related to ToM in brain imaging, different neuroimaging technology means, and each age group as keywords for the aggregate search. The two components of ToM, namely affective and cognitive ToM (i.e., aToM and cToM), are studied across different age groups. The characteristics and trends of the lifespan ToM development were summarized and integrated based on the previous classical studies.In the second study, we conducted a brain imaging research on the development of key brain areas of ToM derived from the first study. By focusing on early lifelong development (infant: 42-45 gestational weeks) and adulthood (young adult: 22-35 years), we systematically compared the similarities and differences in ToM-related brain networks in the two important lifelong development periods. The findings clearly demonstrated the feasibility of brain imaging for studying the ToM development across the two human lifespan stages.Through a comprehensive combination of the literature on ToM in various age groups, as well as the analysis of Human Connectome Project brain imaging data, the following findings were made: ① In infancy, ToM has already been developed into a certain extent, and the separation of ToM-related brain areas and other perceptual-related brain areas begins to appear, which is earlier than the time point when ToM appears in previous studies. ② In terms of the lifespan ToM development, aToM is developed earlier in the early stages and may have reached its peak in adulthood, while the results for old age are controversial. There is no distinctive feature among different stages. In contrast, cToM is developed more slowly and has more distinctive features at different stages, peaking in adulthood and possibly declining in old age. ③ Overall, the key brain areas or brain networks associated with ToM are the temporo-parietal junction area, medial prefrontal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, etc. The activity of these brain regions varies somewhat across ages and in processing different types of theory of mind tasks, but overall they develop in a coherent manner. ④ By mapping the two ToM components’ networks in infants and adults, we demonstrated the differences in the functional brain connectivity patterns of aToM and cTom between infants and adults.In general, based on neuroimaging measurements, this paper supported the lifespan ToM development, and conducted systematic generalization and imaging empirical research on affective and cognitive ToM. In the future, more attention could be paid to the change pattern in the ToM development across the human lifespan. Different ways of delineating the ToM components can be chosen according to their developmental characteristics at different ages, and more neuroimaging technology tools can be integrated to explore the research and to promote the transformation. |
| 英文摘要 | 体察他人情绪、理解他人的意图和心理状态是一项重要的能力，对于人际关系的和谐非常重要。心理学上，这一能力对应的概念就是心理理论，其一直是研究热点之一。以往的研究中，关于其概念内涵、解释模型以及研究范式，已经积累了很多重要的研究结论。行为学研究范式对被试的年龄有一定限制，也不适用于毕生年龄段的测量，不同行为学研究测量的心理理论成分组成和概念尚存分歧。因此，对于“心理理论到底何时发生？”、“婴幼儿早期是否存在心理理论？”以及“心理理论毕生发展规律？”等诸多问题有待深入探索。近年来，随着认知神经科学的发展，神经影像技术已经越来越多地应用到婴幼儿早期等各个年龄段，其生物学测量指标便于对心理理论毕生发展进行研究。因此，本文将从两方面入手，探索心理理论毕生发展中尚未明确的问题。研究一以心理理论、不同的神经技术手段以及各个年龄段为搜索的关键词，检索了以往心理理论脑影像学有关研究成果。从心理理论的两成分，即情感性心理理论和认知性心理理论出发，分不同年龄段进行汇总研究，梳理以往的经典研究，对心理理论的毕生发展的特点和趋势进行了归纳整合。研究二对心理理论关键脑区的发展进行了脑影像实证研究。通过聚焦毕生发展早期（42-45孕周新生儿）和成年早期（22-35岁青年），基于研究一所归纳的心理理论关键脑区，系统地比较了其认知成分和情绪成分在上述两个毕生发展重要阶段的异同，展示了脑影像学用于研究心理理论毕生发展的可行性。通过对各个年龄段心理理论文献的梳理，以及对人脑连接组计划数据的分析，本文发现：①在婴幼儿早期，心理理论已经有了一定程度的发展，心理理论相关脑区和其他感知觉相关脑区开始出现分离，这一结果早于以往研究中心理理论出现的时间点。②从心理理论的毕生发展来看，情感性心理理论发展较早，可能在成人期达到顶峰，其老年期的研究结果存在争议，但其阶段性特点并不明显。与之相比，认知性心理理论发展较慢，不同阶段的阶段性特点比较明显，在成人期达到顶峰，老年期可能出现下降。③总体来看，与心理理论相关的关键脑区或脑网络是颞顶联合区、内侧前额叶、额上回、颞中回等。这些脑区的活动在不同年龄段、处理不同类型的心理理论任务时存在一定的差异，但总体具有连贯性的。④通过绘制新生儿和成人的心理理论两成分感兴趣区全脑功能连接图谱，展示了情感性心理理论和认知性心理理论脑功能网络在新生儿与成人之间的差异规律。本文以神经影像测量为基础，支持心理理论毕生发展的观点，对情感性心理理论和认知性心理理论进行了系统归纳和影像实证研究。未来将更多关注毕生发展全年龄段的发展变化规律，在不同年龄段可根据其发展特点选择不同的心理理论成分划分方式，综合运用更多的神经技术手段进行探索并推进转化。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41609]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 曹莹. 《心理理论的毕生发展：脑影像学证据》[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所. 2021. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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