新型疼痛共情模型的行为与电生理表现
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 叶雯 |
| 答辩日期 | 2021-09 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 罗非 |
| 关键词 | 疼痛共情 大鼠 共情模型 自闭症 多通道 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 认知神经科学 |
| 其他题名 | A new approch to access pain empathy in rodent with behaviour and electrophvsiological reaction |
| 中文摘要 | Empathy is an important basis for social communication. Not only humans have the ability to empathize, but other mammals (especially non-human primates) also often exhibit empathy. In recent years, researchers have begun to pay attention to the empathy behavior of rodents, trying to use rodent models to reveal the cognitive neurological mechanism of empathy. At present, most animal empathy models are based on the phenomenon of pain empathy. Pain empathy is the perception, experience, and emotional response to other people's pain, that is, the "empathy" of other people's pain. Pain empathy can prompt individuals to understand and perceive the pain of others, and perceiving others in a painful situation can make individuals remain vigilant against dangerous stimuli or situations and make defensive behavioral responses to protect themselves from harm. However, the current pain empathy models have problems such as insensitive indicators and difficult interpretation of behaviors, and the validity of the model has not been verified from the level of empathy damage and neural activity. This paper classifies and sorts out the existing animal models, with the purpose of integrating the characteristics of the existing models to propose a more reasonable and easy-to-interpret empathy model. For this reason, this research mainly raises the following questions. First, how to innovatively construct an effective and standard and stable empathy model; second, how to define the behavior of rats in the model as empathy behavior; third，Whether the model can detect empathy defects sensitively; fourth, whether the empathy and non-empathy behaviors of animals in the model correspond to different neural activity patterns. In order to answer the above questions, this study sets the following research goals:(1)Establish an empathy model with objective and clear indicators and use noxious stimuli; (2) Verify whether the behavior in the model is consistent with empathic behavior; (3) Explore sociality The performance of injured rats in this model; (4) Changes in the firing of rat neurons during empathy. Based on the above research goals, this paper has designed four studies. The first study established a rat empathy model based on pain empathy and approaching behavior. This model uses the movement trajectory of rats entering the surrounding area of interest of the same kind and the behavior generated in the area of interest as empathy-like behaviors, and”The operative definition of "empathy一like behavior" is defined as:in the area of interest surrounding the same type, the observer produces behaviors that are interested in the same type. These behaviors include the length of time close to the same type, the distance of movement, or the static in the area The duration and number of behaviors and rigid behaviors. Using this operational definition to define empathy-like behaviors, it is found that the empathy-like behaviors produced by observing rats when observing the same kind of noxious stimuli are significantly higher than the empathy一like behaviors produced when receiving neutral stimuli. The empathy一like behaviors produced will be significantly higher than the empathy一like behaviors produced when there is no similar type. In order to further explore the validity of the model established in Study 1，Study 2 tested the validity of the model by adjusting the past experience of rats and the social relationship between rats. Experiment 2 found that nociceptive experience can significantly affect the empathy-like behaviors of rats towards the same kind. This effect is manifested in rats with past noxious experiences that will produce more empathic-like behaviors. Experiment 3 found that familiarity has no significant effect on the empathy-like behavior of rats, which is inconsistent with the results of literature research. Because the social relationship in the second study did not have a significant effect on the empathy-like behavior of rats, in order to make up for the lack of design that may lead to this result, study three was proposed. Study 3 used socially impaired autistic rats and measured their empathy-like behavior. Experiments have found that in this model, autistic rats are difficult to produce empathy一like behaviors to the same kind. Taking healthy rats as the norm, it was found that the length and number of times of entering the region of interest of autistic rats were significantly lower than that of healthy rats, indicating that autistic rats could not show empathy一like behavior. Study 4 recorded the electrophysiological activities of neurons in the process of empathy-like behavior in rats from the neuron level. Study 4 found that for healthy rats, the ACC brain area and SI brain area of the observer rat will have an increase in the discharge frequency when the same kind of noxious stimulus is received. This increase is compared with the neutral stimulation condition. The results are remarkable. This situation is common in the entire process of the same kind of receiving noxious stimuli. In autistic rats, whether it is ACC or SI, the rats are not sensitive to the stimuli received by the same type, and the stimulus intensity received by the same type is not comparable to the recorded firing frequency of the ACC and SI neurons of the observer rat. Significantly affected. Conclusion: In summary, this study successfully established a new rodent empathy model, which has objective and quantifiable indicators, and has a clear operational definition of empathy behavior. The validity test of the model shows that the empathy behavior of rats in the model is affected by their own past experience, which is consistent with the empathy phenomenon of humans; although the model is not sensitive to the familiarity between animals, the model can be sensitive to areas It is divided into normal rats and autistic rats with social deficits, so overall the model has good validity. Except for the establishment of empathy model in behavioral science, this study used this model to record the neuronal activity in the process of empathic behavior in rats. Autistic rats showed contradictory results in these two brain regions. This may also mean that abnormal circuit functions in autistic rats will affect empathy and social behaviors, and this result is also Need more in-depth research to vertify. |
| 英文摘要 | 共情能力是社会交流的重要基础，不仅人类具有共情能力，其他哺乳动物 (尤其是非人灵长类动物)也常常表现出共情行为。近年来，研究者开始关注啮齿类动物的共情行为，试图用啮齿类动物模型揭示共情的认知神经机制。 目前，多数动物共情模型都以疼痛共情现象为基础。疼痛共情是对他人疼痛的感知、体验和情绪反应，即对他人疼痛的“感同身受”。疼痛共情能够促使个体理解和感知他人的痛苦，感知到他人处于疼痛情景当中能够使个体对危险刺激或情景保持警惕从而做出防御性的行为反应，以保护自己以免受到伤害。然而，目前前的疼痛共情模型存在指标不敏感、行为难以解释等问题，也没有从共情损伤和神经活动的层面对模型效度进行验证。 本论文对现有的动物模型进行了分类和梳理，口的是综合现有的模型特点以提出一个更合理且易于解释的共情模型。为此本研究主要提出以下问题，第一，如何创新地构建出一个有效，且标准稳定的共情模型;第二，如何定义大鼠在该模型中表现出的行为为共情行为;第三，该模型能否敏感地检测出共情缺陷;第四，动物在该模型中表现出的共情与非共情行为是否对应着不同神经活动模式。 为解答上述问题，本研究设立以下研究口标:（1）建立指标客观清晰并使用伤害性刺激的共情模型;（2）验证该模型中的行为是否与共情行为相符;（3）探究社会性受损大鼠在该模型中的表现;（4）共情过程中大鼠神经元放电情况变化。 基于以上研究口标，本文共设计了四个研究。研究一建立了基于疼痛共情和趋近行为的大鼠共情模型，该模型以大鼠进入同类周边的兴趣区域的运动轨迹和在兴趣区域中产生的行为作为共情样行为，并将“共情样行为”的操作性定义定为:在同类周边的兴趣区域中，观察者产生对同类感兴趣的行为，这些行为包括接近同类的时间长度、运动距离，或在该区域内产生的静止行为与僵直行为的时长和次数。以该操作性定义定义共情样行为，发现观察鼠在观察同类接受伤害性刺激时所产生的的共情样行为会显著高于接受中性刺激时产生的共情样行为，在同类存在时产生的共情样行为会显著高于没有同类时产生的共情样行为。 为了进一步探究研究一所设立的模型效度，研究二通过调节大鼠的过往经验和大鼠之间的社会关系对模型效度进行检验。实验二发现，伤害性经验可以显著影响大鼠对于同类产生的共情样行为，这种影响表现在有过往伤害性经验大鼠会产生更多共情样行为。实验三发现熟悉度对于大鼠的共情样行为并没有显著影响，这一点和文献研究结果不相符。 由于研究二中社会性关系对于大鼠共情样行为影响并不显著，为了弥补可能导致这种结果的设计不足，提出了研究三。研究三使用社会性受损的自闭症样大鼠，并对其共情样行为进行了测量。实验发现在该模型中，自闭症大鼠对同类难以产生共情样行为。以健康的大鼠作为常模，发现自闭症大鼠对于兴趣区域的进入时长和进入次数都显著低于健康大鼠，说明自闭症大鼠无法表现出的共情样行为。 研究四从神经元层面对于大鼠的共情样行为过程中产生的神经元电生理活动进行了记录。研究四发现，对于健康大鼠，在同类接受伤害性刺激情况下该观察者大鼠的ACC脑区和SI脑区都会产生一个放电频率增加的情况，这种增加和中性刺激条件下相比结果显著。这种情况普遍存在于同类接受伤害性刺激的整个过程之中。在自闭样大鼠中，不论是ACC还是SI，大鼠对同类所接受的刺激并不敏感，表现为同类接受的刺激强度对于被记录的观察者大鼠ACC和SI神经元的放电频率没有显著影响。 结论:综上，本研究成功建立了一个新型的啮齿类动物共情模型，该模型具有客观、可量化的指标，并且对共情行为有明确的操作性定义。对模型的效度检验表明，大鼠在模型中的共情行为受到自身过往经验的影响，与人类的共情现象一致;虽然该模型对动物间的熟悉度不敏感，但该模型能够敏感地区分正常大鼠和有社会缺陷的自闭样大鼠，因此总体而言该模型具有良好的效度。 除去行为学上对于共情模型的建立，本研究应用该模型对于大鼠的共情行为过程中的的神经元活动进行了记录，发现ACC和SI两个脑区的神经元放电频率可以表征共情行为，而自闭症样大鼠在这两个脑区则表现出相悖的结果，这可能也意味自闭大鼠的回路功能异常会影响共情行为和社会性行为，而这一结果还需要更深入的研究进行探究。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41339]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 叶雯. 新型疼痛共情模型的行为与电生理表现[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所. 2021. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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