减少香烟中的尼古丁含量对不同剂量群体吸烟行为的影响： 生态瞬时记录的研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 李自敏 |
| 答辩日期 | 2020-01 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 李勇辉 |
| 关键词 | 成瘾性 低尼古丁 吸烟行为 情绪状态 生态瞬时评估法 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士（同等学力硕士） |
| 学位专业 | 健康心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The effect of nicotine content reduction on smoking behaviors of different dose groups: An ecological momentary assessment study |
| 中文摘要 | Nicotine is a main cause for cigarette addiction. Nicotine can help to establish and maintain tobacco addiction through its complex effects on brain neurochemistry. Long-term use of tobacco leads to physical and psychological dependence and a variety of physical diseases, which seriously harms the public health. Early tobacco policies were mainly external measures for reducing tobacco access. They did not take the standpoint from the smokers and realized that smoking was essentially an addictive behavior. Recent tobacco related policies have gradually focused on the addictive nature of smoking and have announced the control of nicotine content in tobacco products. Moreover, researchers also propose that reducing nicotine is one way to reduce the level of tobacco use. To study the effect of nicotine content in cigarettes on the change of smoking behavior may help to achieve the goal of quitting smoking and reducing smoking. In this study, using ecological instantaneous assessment and questionnaire, the researcher explored the effects of two nicotine content reduction interventions (i.e., immediate reduction and gradual reduction) on decreasing smoking behavior and nicotine dependence, as well as improving mood state, quality of life.In this study, 73 subjects who completed the experiment were smokers in Beijing. All subjects had the intention to quit smoking or to reduce smoking in the near future. They were randomly divided into three groups, two intervention groups including immediate reduction group (n = 26, 25 male) and gradual reduction group (n = 27, 26 male), and one control group without any intervention (n =20, 20 male). The subjects were divided as high dose smoker (>15 cigarette/day) and low dose smoker (< 15 cigarette/day). For intervention, the subjects in the immediate reduction group replaced their cigarettes to the ones contain the nicotine of 0.1 mg/one for 12 weeks; the subjects in the gradual reduction group replaced their cigarette to the ones contain the nicotine of 0.6mg, 0.3mg, and 0.1mg/one (decreasing one level every month) for 12 weeks; the control group received no intervention. The demographic information and smoking habits of subjects were collected before the intervention. The researcher evaluated the subjects’ emotional state (SDS, SAS, POMS), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and nicotine dependence (FTND) at pre-test and post-test. Moreover, the daily data of smoking quantity, mood before and after smoking and craving for cigarettes were recorded by the ecological momentary assessment (EMA) at pre-test (week 1), intervention period (week 2-13), and post-test (week 14). Three-way repeated measurement ANOVA was used for data analysis. The results show that: (1) the change of smoking amount: there was significant difference between three groups. The change of the mean daily smoking amount in the immediate reduction group was significantly smaller than that of the gradual reduction group and the control group, while the mean daily smoking amount change in the gradual reduction group and the control group had no significant difference. It indicated that compared with the gradual reduction group, the immediate reduction group had a better reduction effect. The results showed that the change of smoking quantity in the high dose smoking group was significantly lower than that of the low dose smoking group. (2) the quality of life score was higher after the intervention; anxiety and depression were significantly lower after the intervention; the emotional disorder scores of the high dose smoking group were higher than that of the low dose smoking group no matter which smoking mode was adopted.The nicotine dependence of the high dose smoking group was significantly higher than the low dose smoking group, and the dependence score of the immediate reduction group after intervention was significantly lower than the control group. (3) the craving in the morning and evening before and after smoking decreased with time in the low and high dose smoking groups; in the low dose smoking group, the mood value of morning and evening before and after smoking in the gradual group was significantly higher than that in the immediate group, and there was no significant difference in the high dose smoking group.In summary, nicotine is closely related to smoking addiction. Reducing nicotine content in cigarettes can change smoking behavior.Two interventions (immediate reduction and gradual reduction) have different effects on the change of smoking behavior. After 3 months of intervention, among the different smokers, nicotine content reduction was better for the high dose smoking population. The subjects' emotional state had improved, the level of anxiety and depression had reduced, the level of quality of life had improved, the level of nicotine dependence had reduced, and the craving of high and low dose smoking groups before and after smoking decreased with time. In the low dose smoking group, the emotional value of early and late before and after smoking in the gradual group was significantly higher than that in the immediate group. This study has some scientific research implications. It can not only clarify the effect of reducing nicotine in cigarettes on changing smoking behavior, but also further explore the individual differences of nicotine reduction effects on smoking behavior. It can also provide guidance for intervention programs for reducing smoking addiction in different populations using nicotine reduction as an intervention. |
| 英文摘要 | 香烟中的尼古丁是吸烟者成瘾的主要原因，尼古丁通过影响大脑神经化学的复杂作用建立和维持烟草成瘾。长期使用烟草会导致生理和心理依赖，并引起多种身体疾病，严重危害了公众的健康。早期的烟草政策主要是减少烟草获得性的外部措施，未从吸烟者自身出发，认识到吸烟本质上是一种成瘾行为。近期的烟草相关的政策逐渐把关注点放到了吸烟的成瘾性上，宣布管制烟草产品中的尼古丁含量，相关研究人员也提出减少尼古丁是降低烟草使用水平的一种方法。研究香烟中的尼古丁含量对改变吸烟行为的作用，进而达到戒烟和减量的目的。本研究采用生态瞬时评估法和传统的问卷法相结合的方式，探索不同的降低香烟中尼古丁含量的干预方式（立即降低和逐级降低）对不同依赖程度的人群吸烟行为的影响，以及吸烟者在干预前后情绪状态、生活质量和尼古丁依赖的变化。本研究完成实验的被试73名为北京地区的吸烟人群，均为近期有戒烟或减量意向的吸烟者。研究者将被试随机分为三个组，其中两组为干预组，即立即降低组（共26人，男25人）和逐级降低组（共27人，男26人），一个组为非干预对照组(共20人，男20人)。根据干预前吸烟数量的多少，将每组被试分为高吸烟量组（大于15支/天）和低吸烟量组（少于15支/天）。对立即组干预为替换被试原来使用的香烟成尼古丁含量0.1毫克的香烟共12周；对替代逐级组的干预为逐渐替换被试原来使用的香烟为尼古丁含量为0.6毫克、0.3毫克、0.1毫克的香烟（每4周降低一个等级）共12周；对照组没有干预共12周。在干预前采集被试的基本人口学和吸烟习惯信息。在干预前后评估被试的情绪状态（抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、简明心境状态量表）、生活质量（世卫组织生活质量测定量表简表）以及尼古丁依赖的程度（尼古丁依赖检验表）。同时结合生态瞬时评估法在干预前（1周），干预中（2-13周），和干预后（14周）记录三组被试每日的吸烟数量、吸烟前后的情绪和对香烟的渴望程度的数据，采用三因素混合方差分析结合事后多重比较考察干预的效果。研究结果表明：（1）吸烟数量方面：立即组的平均每日吸烟量均小于逐级组和对照组，而逐级组吸烟量和对照组差异不显著，说明与逐级组相比，立即组的减量效果更好；与低吸烟量群体相比高吸烟量群体减量效果更明显。（2）在生活质量、情绪状态和尼古丁依赖方面：立即组和逐级组两个干预组后测的焦虑、抑郁和尼古丁依赖的分数显著低于前测的分数，且生活质量分数高于前测的分数，而对照组的前后测分数差异不显著；与对照组比较，立即组的尼古丁依赖分数更低且差异显著，逐级组差异不显著；高吸烟量群体不管是采用哪种吸烟方式其心境状态的分值均高于低吸烟量群体，说明低吸烟量群体心境状态更好。（3）在吸烟前后的情绪与渴求方面：在干预组中，吸烟前后的渴求值随着时间的变化均呈下降趋势；在低吸烟量群体中，逐级组吸烟前后的情绪值显著高于立即组，在高吸烟量群体中不存在显著差异。总之，尼古丁与吸烟成瘾有着密切的关系，降低香烟中的尼古丁含量可以改变吸烟行为。在干预3个月后，在不同的吸烟人群中，均是使用立即降低的方式减量的效果好，且与低吸烟量群体相比高吸烟量群体减量效果更明显；两种干预方式的被试情绪状态和生活质量得到改善，尼古丁依赖程度降低；两个干预组吸烟前后的渴求随时间均呈下降趋势。本研究不仅可以阐明降低香烟中的尼古丁对改变吸烟行为的作用，还进一步探究减少尼古丁对吸烟行为影响的个体差异。在临床价值上，可以考虑将降低尼古丁作为干预方式为不同人群减少吸烟成瘾的干预方案提供指导。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41561]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李自敏. 减少香烟中的尼古丁含量对不同剂量群体吸烟行为的影响： 生态瞬时记录的研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所. 2020. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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