比较情绪语言和音乐的简短冥想ERP及性别差异
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 莫欣妍 |
| 答辩日期 | 2021-07 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 罗非 |
| 关键词 | 情绪 简短冥想 性别差异 听觉探针 ERP |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士（同等学力硕士） |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Comparison of the ERP in Brief meditation of Emotional Language and Music and Gender Differences |
| 中文摘要 | Meditation is a simple and effective psychotherapy and adjustment method that can be applied anytime and anywhere. The mechanism of the effect of meditation is considered to be mainly attention and acceptance. However, there is no conclusion about the degree of attention and acceptance to be effective, that is, how long meditation training needs to be effective. Moreover, for most beginners and people who need emotional intervention, meditation training is still difficult to get started and adhere to. If we can help beginners get the effect of meditation and experience the core of meditation technology through a brief meditation training, we can help more meditation practitioners to establish the confidence of adhering to practice. Therefore, it is of great significance and value to explore the influence of meditation, especially the brief meditation practice on different groups of people, to understand the difficulties and obstacles encountered by beginners in the process of practicing meditation, to improve the meditation program accordingly, to quickly and effectively promote the technology to the people who have no meditation experience, and to help beginners overcome the obstacles in practice.With the advantages of high timeliness and low cost, event-related potential (ERP) can sensitively detect the neurophysiological changes in the process of meditation, and is widely used in the research of meditation. On the basis of previous ERP research, this paper summarizes the methods and problems of previous research, explores the influence of attention and acceptance of emotional language and music objects in brief meditation on ERP, understands the neurophysiological reactions of beginners in the process of meditation practice, and compares the gender effects.This paper is divided into two parts.Study 1: To explore the effects of positive and negative emotions on ERP and gender differences in brief meditation. Fifty two healthy college students, 27 males and 25 females, were recruited in the experiment. After 5 minutes of breathing practice, fixed frequency “ D” sound stimulation was used as a probe to induce ERP waveform when subjects were aware of positive and negative emotional auditory materials. The results showed that there were significant gender differences and brain lateralization in the neural mechanism of meditation. Under the condition of negative meditation, the amplitude of left frontal lobe in N160 was significantly greater than that in right frontal lobe in males, and that in P240 was significantly greater in females. Gender differences are mainly reflected in the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex and other brain areas related to emotion and attention allocation.Study 2: To explore the influence of music emotion of no lyrics and Chinese lyrics on ERP and gender differences in brief meditation. After 5 minutes of breathing practice, fixed frequency “ D” sound stimulation was used as a probe to induce ERP waveform when subjects were aware of music emotional auditory materials without lyrics and Chinese lyrics. The results showed that the awareness of no lyrics and Chinese lyrics music had a significant effect on ERP. Lyrics have an impact on music processing, and there is a significant gender difference. In the process of meditation, both men and women put more attention resources into the music without lyrics, and the duration of attention resources is different. There is no brain lateralization effect in the process of music emotion awareness in men and women.Conclusion1. Emotional language and music in brief meditation have different effects on ERP waveform induced by fixed frequency “ D” sound. This kind of EEG changes may be superimposed by two kinds of processing (emotional language or music processing and fixed frequency “ D” sound stimulation processing). The difference of ERP waveform may come from prefrontal lobe and anterior cingulate gyrus.2. There were significant gender differences and brain lateralization differences in ERP waveforms of emotional language and music in brief meditation. Under the condition of emotional language, men and women have brain lateralization effect in the process of short meditation, and there is a difference in latency; while under the condition of music, men and women have no brain lateralization effect. Under the condition of negative emotional language, the activity of left frontal lobe was stronger in men, and the amplitude of electric pole in left frontal lobe was significantly larger than that in right frontal lobe in N160; the amplitude of electric pole in right frontal lobe was significantly larger than that in left frontal lobe in women in P240. |
| 英文摘要 | 冥想是一种简单有效的、随时随地可以应用的心理治疗和调节方法。冥想起效的作用机制被认为是注意和接纳，但是达到何种程度的注意和接纳才能起效至今仍无定论，即基本的冥想训练时间仍无指导时长。而且对于大部分初学者和需要情绪干预的人群来说，冥想训练难以入门和坚持，若能通过简短的冥想训练帮助冥想初学者获得冥想效果、体会冥想技术的核心，则能帮助更多冥想练习者树立坚持练习的信心。因此，探索冥想，尤其是简短冥想练习过程对不同人群的影响，理解初学者练习冥想过程中遇到的困难和障碍，并据此改进冥想方案，以及快速有效地向毫无冥想经验者展开技术推广，帮助初学者克服练习障碍等都有重要的意义和价值。事件相关电位具有高时效性和低成本优势，能够敏锐探测冥想过程中的神经生理变化，被大量应用于冥想研究。本文在前人ERP研究的基础上，总结过往研究的方法和问题，探究简短冥想中觉知情绪语言与音乐对象对ERP的影响，了解初学者冥想练习过程中的神经生理反应，比较性别差异。全文共分为两个部分。研究一：探索简短冥想中觉知正性和负性情绪对ERP的影响及性别差异。实验招募52名健康大学生，男生27名，女性25名。5分钟呼吸练习后，采用固定频率声音刺激作为探针，诱发被试在觉知正性和负性情绪听觉材料时的ERP波形。结果表明，冥想的神经机制具有显著性别差异和大脑偏侧化。在负性冥想条件下，男性在N160左额叶波幅显著大于右额叶；女性在P240右额叶波幅显著大于左额叶。性别差异体现于前扣带回脑区、前额叶等情绪和注意调配相关的脑区。研究二：探索简短冥想中觉知无歌词和中文歌词音乐情绪对ERP的影响及性别差异。与研究一一致，5分钟呼吸练习后，采用固定频率声音刺激作为探针，诱发被试在觉知无歌词和中文歌词音乐情绪听觉材料时的ERP波形。结果提示，简短冥想中觉知无歌词和中文歌词音乐的简短冥想ERP有显著差异。歌词影响了音乐加工，且性别差异显著。冥想过程中，男性和女性都对无歌词音乐投入了更多注意资源，投入注意资源的时程存在差异。男性和女性在对音乐情绪的觉知过程中无大脑偏侧化效应。结论：1、简短冥想中的情绪语言和音乐对固定频率“D”声诱发的ERP波形不同。这种脑电波变化可能由两种加工（情绪语言或音乐加工与固定频率“D”声刺激加工）的波形叠加。这种ERP波形差异可能源于前额叶和前扣带回。2、简短冥想中情绪语言和音乐的ERP波形分别存在显著性别差异和大脑偏侧化差异。在情绪语言条件下，男女在简短冥想过程中出现大脑偏侧化效应，且具有潜伏期差异；而在音乐条件下，男女均无大脑偏侧化效应。在负性情绪语言条件下，男性左侧额叶活动更强，表现为N160成分中左额叶电极点波幅显著大于右额叶；女性在P240右额叶波幅显著大于左额叶。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41614]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 莫欣妍. 比较情绪语言和音乐的简短冥想ERP及性别差异[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所. 2021. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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