测评有助于学生削弱课程决策的选项框架效应
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 梁兴丽 |
| 答辩日期 | 2020-01 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 刘萍萍 |
| 关键词 | 选项框架效应 测评 青少年 决策干预 决策偏差 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士（同等学力硕士） |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Assessment Helps Students Alleviate the Option Framing Effect of Course Decision-making |
| 中文摘要 | The option framing effect is a common decision bias. In the context of consumption choice, it refers to the finding that consumers asked to reject options of a product when all are by default included tend to select more options than those asked to add options when all are by default not included. This effect is widely used by manufacturers and marketers to manipulate consumers’ purchasing behavior, increasing the likelihood of irrational consumption. We assume that the effect can be alleviated or eliminated when decision makers are given more information and can process information more deeply.In our study, 10 elective courses were provided to high school students and college students as decision-making options, and the processing degree of information was manipulated by means of interest evaluation and feedback, and different amounts of recommendation information were provided, so as to investigate the decision-making gap of elective courses under the framework of addition and subtraction.From the perspective of information, experiment 1 requires participants to read information related to the decision-making task to different degrees before making a decision, so as to improve participants' involvement and explore the influence of self-correlation of information on course decision making under the addition and subtraction frameworks.2 (frame type: addition frame / subtraction frame) × 3 (self-correlation degree: general correlation / special correlation / control group) was adopted for inter-subject design. The results show that :(1) there are significant differences in the selection of elective courses in different frameworks, including more elective courses under the subtraction framework;(2) in the special correlation group, that is, the course information recommended by the reading assessment is more effective in weakening the influence of option frame effect on course selection than reading general background information.Experiment 2 manipulated the information type of assessment recommendation from the perspective of development, and investigated whether the information type of assessment recommendation in high school and college respectively weakened the option framing effect, and whether the two stages weakened to the same degree.2 (frame type: addition frame/subtraction frame) ×4 (evaluation recommendation type: recommended fit/recommended unsuitable/accurate recommendation/control group) × 2(development stage: high school/university) was adopted for inter-subject design.The results show that :(1) different types of course information recommended by evaluation and evaluation also have different weakening effects on the option frame effect, among which the weakening degree is the greatest under the condition of accurate recommendation (that is, the condition of suitable recommendation and inappropriate recommendation).(2) compared with college students, high school students are more likely to avoid the influence of option frame effect under the recommendation of evaluation information.Experiment 3, based on the ecological perspective, requires participants to truly evaluate their personal abilities and interests, and then make intelligent recommendation of relevant course information based on their evaluation results.In the evaluation context with high participation, it is further verified whether the weakening effect of evaluation recommendation type on the option frame effect is enhanced due to the increase in the authenticity of evaluation operation.2 (frame type: addition frame/subtraction frame) × 4 (evaluation recommendation type: recommended fit/recommended unfit/accurate recommendation/control group) was adopted for inter-test design. The results show that :(1) under the evaluation scenario with high participation, the weakening degree of the option frame effect of the accurate recommendation group is further enhanced;(2) with accurate recommendation, the number of suitable courses increases, while the number of unsuitable courses decreases, that is, the decision result will be significantly affected by the evaluation and recommendation. These results show that processing more information and processing it more deeply can significantly reduce the option framing effect in decision making. Our study demonstrates that in the field of education, decision biases can be reduced by effective interventions, and it also lends further support to personalized teaching from the perspective of rational decision making. |
| 英文摘要 | 选项框架效应（option framing effect）是一种普遍的决策偏差。它指的是相对于加法框架（呈现基本型产品，消费者可添加选项），消费者在减法框架（呈现产品全部选项，消费者可删除选项）下会选择更多选项、购买更贵的产品。该效应被厂家或营销者广泛用以操纵消费者购买行为，增加消费者非理性购买行为的概率。我们假设当决策者掌握更多信息、对信息加工程度更深时，可以减少或避免选项框架效应所导致的决策偏差。 本研究以选课为决策情景，向高中生和大学生被试提供10门选修课作为决策选项，通过兴趣测评与反馈方式操纵被试对信息的加工程度，并提供不同数量的推荐信息，从而考察被试在加法和减法框架下对选修课的决策差距。 实验一基于信息角度，在决策前要求参与者阅读与决策任务有不同程度相关的信息内容，以提升参与者的卷入度，探讨信息的自我关联度对加法框架和减法框架下的课程决策影响。采用2（框架类型：加法/减法）×3（自我关联度：一般性关联/针对性关联/控制组）的被试间设计。结果表明：（1）被试在不同的框架下对校内选修课程的选择存在显著差异，表现为在减法框架下选择更多的选修课；（2）在针对性关联组，即阅读测评推荐的课程信息，比阅读一般的背景信息，更能有效地削弱选项框架效应对课程选择的影响。 实验二基于发展角度，操纵测评推荐的信息类型，分别考察高中阶段和大学阶段测评推荐的信息类型能否削弱选项框架效应，以及两个阶段的削弱程度是否相同。采用2（框架类型：加法/减法）×4（测评推荐类型：推荐适合/推荐不适合/精准推荐/控制组）×2（发展阶段：高中/大学）的被试间设计。结果表明：（1）测评推荐的课程信息类型不同，对选项框架效应的削弱效果亦不同，其中在精准推荐（即推荐适合又推荐不适合的条件）下削弱程度最大；（2）对比大学生，高中生在测评的信息推荐下，更能避免受到选项框架效应的影响。 实验三基于生态角度，要求参与者真实评估个人的能力及兴趣情况，根据其测评结果智能推荐相应的课程信息。在高度参与的测评情境中，进一步验证测评推荐类型对选项框架效应的削弱效果是否由于测评操作真实性的增加而增强。采用2（框架类型：加法/减法）× 4（测评推荐类型：推荐适合/推荐不适合/精准推荐/控制组）的被试间设计。结果表明：（1）在高度参与的测评情景下，精准推荐组对选项框架效应的削弱程度进一步增强；（2）在精准推荐下，选择适合课的数量增多，选择不适合课的数量减少，即决策结果会显著受到测评推荐的影响。 本研究的这些结果显示信息量的增多与加工程度的增强均可显著减弱选项框架对人们决策的影响。研究结果不仅有助于人们理解测评削弱选项框架效应的内在机制，降低学生群体在教育教学中的决策偏差，还有助于解决生活中的实际问题，对“因材施教”的教学原则也从理性决策的角度提供了科学支撑。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41658]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 梁兴丽. 测评有助于学生削弱课程决策的选项框架效应[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所. 2020. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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