兰州市高一学生体重控制行为调查及不健康体重控制行为的干预研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 范志涛 |
| 答辩日期 | 2021-01 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 王葵 |
| 关键词 | 青少年 体重控制行为 体重 预防 干预课程 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士（同等学力硕士） |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Investigation on the weight control behaviors of first-year high school students in Lanzhou city and the intervention of unhealthy weight control behaviors |
| 中文摘要 | Many teenagers are actively taking measures to control their weight. Some measures are healthy while others may have detrimental effect to their health..However, the weight control behaviors of teenagers have not raised public concern in the mainland China. This is probably due to the lack of tools to assess the weight control behaviors. Accordingly, the primary aim of this study was to develop the Weight Control Behavior Scale for Youth and Adolescents (WCBSYA) and evaluate its reliability and validity (Study 1). Tthe association between adoption of weight control behaviors and actual/perceived weight status was also investigated. The second aim of this study was to develop the school-based "Healthy Youth and Adolescent" program targeting the unhealthy weight control behaviors and to evaluate the effectiveness of this program among first-year high school students in Lanzhou city (Study 2).In Study 1, the items of the WCBSYA were generated by extensive literature review. The content and wordings of these items were then reviewed by experts and some wordings were changed accordingly to the feedback of the experts. To evaluate the psychological features of WCBSYA, it was tested among 1038 first-year high school students in Lanzhou city. The validity was evaluated by its association with Body Anxiety Questionnaire, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. The internal consistency coefficient was 0.77 and 0.67 for the healthy and unhealthy weight control behavior subscale of WCBSYA respectively, and the test-restest reliabilty over a one-month interval was 0.62 for the healthy weight control behavior subsclale and 0.56 for the unhealthy weight control behavior subscale. Scores of unhealthy weight control behaviors were closely related to body image dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, self-esteem and negative affects, supporting the validity of this tool. It was found that 21.63% of boys and 9.79% of girls were actually overweight, while 52.83% of girls perceived themselves as overweight. In addition, 76.15% of girls and 70.62% of boys adopted weight control behaviors. Participants who considered themselves overweight were more likely to adopt unhealthy weight control behaviors than those who considered themselves not overweight.The "Healthy Youth and Adolescents" program developed in study 2 included three topics: "Cheer for Yourself," "The True Meaning of Fat and Thin" and "Healthy Living."Each topic lasted 40 minutes, containing both psychoeducation materials distributed by the teacher and student activities. In order to evaluate the intervention effectiveness of the program, it was applied to 499 first-grade students in a high school in Lanzhou. The control group was 497 first -grade high school students in another school in the same City. Students in the experimental group attended three 40-minute intervention classes, once per week, while those in the control group attended a weekly mental health class assigned by the school. All participants completed baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up questionnaires. After controlling for baseline score, unhealthy weight control behaviors decreased in the experimental group after intervention. More interestingly, some related psychological measures, such as body shape satisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and emotional state, also showed desirable changes in the experimental group when compared to the control group. Importantly, the intervention effects could still be observed after three months. Majority of the students in the experimental group considered the program inspiring and very helpful..To summerize, the WCBSYA developed in this study have good reliability and validity, and can be used to evaluate the weight control behaviors of youth and adolescents in China. Weight control behaviors may be very common among teenagers. The weight control behaviors are more associated with perceived weight perception bias than actual weight status, which calls for public concern. The school-based "Healthy Youth and Adolescents" program developed in this study was effective for preventing unhealthy weight control behaviors. |
| 英文摘要 | 不少青少年都在积极控制体重，一些方法是对健康有益的，而另一些方法可能会有损健康。即便如此，青少年体重控制行为在我国尚未引起充分关注。研究青少年体重控制行为的一个瓶颈是缺乏有效的测量工具。为此，本研究首要目的是编制一个适合于我国13-19岁中学生的《青少年体重控制行为量表》，并对其信效度进行检验（研究一）。研究一还考察了兰州市高一学生体重控制行为采用状况，并考察其与学生现实的和感知到的体重状态之间的关联。本研究的第二个目的是在借鉴国外一些干预项目的基础上，开发针对我国青少年不健康体重控制行为的“健康青少年”课程，并在高一学生中考察课程对不健康体重控制行为的干预效果（研究二）。研究一在广泛查阅中英文文献的基础上生成《青少年体重控制行为量表》的具体条目，并专家讨论细化。校标工具采用体像忧虑问卷、进食障碍症状自评量表、罗森伯格自尊问卷和和抑郁、焦虑和压力问卷。在兰州市抽取1038名高一学生进行施测，结果表明《青少年体重控制行为量表》中健康体重控制行为分量表的内部一致性系数为0.77，一个月之后的重测信度为0.62；不健康体重控制行为分量表内部一致性系数为0.67，一个月之后的重测信度为0.56。不健康体重控制行为与体像忧虑、进食障碍症状、自尊及负性情绪等心理指标有着密切的关系。所调查的兰州市高中学生中实际超重的男女生比例分别为为21.63%和9.79%，与之形成鲜明的对比，高达52.83%的女生自认为超重。这批被试中有76.15%的女生和70.62%的男生采用体重控制行为，自认为超重的被试比自认为不超重的被试更可能采用不健康体重控制行为。研究二中开发的预防和干预不健康体重控制行为的“健康青少年”课程包括三个主题，分别是“为自己喝彩”、“胖瘦的真谛”和“健康的生活”。每个主题采用教师授课和学生活动的形式，时间为40分钟。为了检测课程的效果，2019年9月-10月，在兰州市西固区两所水平相当的的普通高中进行实验，其中一所学校的高一学生为实验组（n = 499），另一所学校的高一学生为对照组（n = 497）。实验组学生参加了三次40分钟的干预课程，对照组则照常上学校统一安排的心理健康课。所有被试完成基线、干预后和3个月随访问卷。结果表明在控制基线测量指标的情况下，实验组在干预后不健康体重控制行为减少，且其它相关指标，如体型满意程度、进食障碍症状和情绪状态等都有积极的变化。重要的是，实验效果在课程结束后的三个月依然存在。对反馈问卷的统计显示，大部分参与了课程的学生认为本课程对他们很有帮助。本研究的结论为主要有以下三点。首先，本研究开发的《青少年体重控制行为量表》有较好的信效度，能够用于考察国内青少年体重控制行为的现状。其次，兰州市高一学生采用体重控制行为非常普遍，其这种状况与体重认知的偏差有关，值得教育部门和心理健康主管部分的重视。第三，青少年的不健康体重控制行为需从心理层面进行预防和干预，而本研究发展出来的基于学校的“健康青少年”课程对这类行为有效。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41689]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 范志涛. 兰州市高一学生体重控制行为调查及不健康体重控制行为的干预研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所. 2021. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。