父亲外出打工时长对学龄前儿童内化问题 的影响和机制
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 张姣娟 |
| 答辩日期 | 2019-07 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 陈杰 |
| 关键词 | 学龄前儿童 内化问题 专制教养 行为抑制 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士（同等学力硕士） |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Father’s rural-to-urban migration duration and preschooler’s internalizing problems: effect and mechanism |
| 中文摘要 | Father love is as important as mother love for offspring development and well-being. Father involvement and secure father-child attachment are associated with reduced child psychopathology. Father absence in the divorced family has been found cause more child problem behaviors. One common “father absence” in rural areas of China is father rural-to-urban migration. With the China’s rapid progress of industrialization and urbanization, massive rural male labors migrate to cities to seek better employment, leaving behind their wives and children. Although father labor migration may economically benefit the family, there is also a great need for research on whether and how fathers’ labor migration duration affects children’s psychological adjustment, especially during early childhood.In this study, we investigate the effect of father’s labor migration duration on child emotional problems and its underlying mechanisms. We hypothesize that father migration would increase young children’s risk for internalizing symptoms, and mother’s ineffective parenting as well as child temperamental behavioral inhibition may mediate the negative effect of father migration.Participants were 2059 young children (age range = 3-6, 53.5% boys) recruited from the preschools in rural areas of China. All children were from families with two married parents and mothers had not ever migrated since child birth. Mothers rated their parenting styles and children’s temperamental behavioral inhibition and internalizing problems. The mothers also reported the status of parents’ rural-to-urban migration since child’s birth and the father’s migration duration in each past year. The children were then classified into three groups: 1) children whose parents had never migrated (N = 1466); 2) children whose father had ever migrated one to 12 months (N = 310); 3) children whose father had ever migrated more than 12 months (N = 283).Results showed that father’s migration duration was significantly related to children’s internalizing problems, behavioral inhibition and mother’s authoritarian parenting (Table 1). These associations were still significant after controlling for child age, maternal age, parents’ educational attainment, family income. Further analyses demonstrated that the effect of father’s migration on children’s internalizing problems was partly mediated by mother’s authoritarian parenting (Sobel test: Z =3.11, P =.002; Figure 1a), and child behavioral inhibition (Sobel test: Z =3.37, P <.001; Figure 1b).The findings confirmed the negative effect of father’s rural-to-urban migration duration on Chinese young children’s emotional problems. Moreover, we demonstrated two potential pathways through which father absence increase children’s internalizing problems: mother’s authoritarian parenting and child behavioral inhibition. Interventions focused on mother’s parenting skill and child behavioral inhibition may alleviate the cost of father labor migration. |
| 英文摘要 | 对后代的发展和幸福来说，父爱和母爱一样重要。父亲的参与和稳固的父子依恋与减少儿童心理问题有关系。离婚家庭中的父亲缺席导致了孩子出现更多的问题行为。在中国农村地区，一种常见的“父亲缺席”是父亲从农村到城市打工。随着中国工业化进程和城市化进程的加快，大量农村男性劳动将他们的妻子和孩子留在农村，他们到城市寻找更好的就业机会。虽然父亲外出打工可能会给家庭带来经济上的好处，但也需要研究父亲外出打工时长是否以及如何影响儿童的心理适应情况，尤其是对学龄前儿童的影响。在本研究中，我们探讨了父亲外出打工时长对学龄前儿童内化问题的影响及其机制。我们假设父亲外出打工会增加儿童内化问题发生的风险，而母亲的专制教养以及儿童的行为抑制可能对父亲外出打工产生中介作用。本研究的研究对象是中国的农村学龄前儿童，共2059名(年龄3~6岁，男孩53.5%)。所有的儿童都是来自已婚夫妇的家庭，并且母亲自从孩子出生后没有外出打工过。通过母亲作答的问卷测量了教养方式，儿童的行为抑制气质，以及儿童内化问题。母亲还回答了自孩子出生以来从农村到城市父母打工的情况，以及孩子父亲每年外出打工的状况。根据回答情况把儿童分成三组：（1）父母从没有外出打工的儿童（N=1466）；（2）母亲无外出，父亲曾外出打工1到12个月的儿童（N=310）；（3）母亲无外出，父亲曾外出打工超过12个月的儿童（N=283）。结果表明，父亲外出打工时长与学龄前儿童的内化问题、行为抑制以及母亲的专制教养有显著的相关。在控制了儿童年龄，母亲年龄，父母学历，家庭收入等因素后相关依然显著。进一步分析表明，父亲外出打工时长给学龄前儿童内化问题所带来的影响，通过母亲专制教养(Sobel检验：Z=3.11，P=.002)和儿童行为抑制(Sobel检验：Z=3.37，P<.001)部分中介。研究结果证明了父亲外出打工时长对中国学龄前儿童内化问题的负面影响。另外，在父亲外出打工增加学龄前儿童内化问题中，我们证明了两个潜在途径：母亲的专制教养和儿童的行为抑制。通过对母亲育儿技能和儿童行为抑制的干预，可以减轻父亲外出打工给儿童所带来的负面影响。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41704]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张姣娟. 父亲外出打工时长对学龄前儿童内化问题 的影响和机制[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2019. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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