同伴群体态度感知对旁观者行为的影响：与受欺凌者关系的调节作用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王文 |
| 答辩日期 | 2019-07 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 陈毅文 |
| 关键词 | 欺凌 旁观者 同伴群体态度 多元无知 旁观者行为 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士（同等学力硕士） |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The Influence of Perception of Group Attitudes and the Relationship with Victims on Bystander’s Behaviors:the Moderating Effect of Relationships with the Victims |
| 中文摘要 | AbstractBackground: The intervention to bullying of bystanders is particularly effective. However，most bystanders are just outsiders who passively watch what happens. Understanding the deep reasons of the behaviors is one of an important measures to induce and educate children to intervene the bullying，be bold to object the bullies，and protect the bullied. The theory of Pluralistic Ignorance is a new perspective to explain the outsiders’ passive conducts. Research Questions: Firstly，is there a difference of prosocial attitudes toward the acceptability of bullying in demographic variables? Secondly，are the bystanders’ perceptions of pro-social attitude to themselves different from that to their peers’ different? That is，if there exists pluralistic ignorance. We divide all peers group into three sub groups according to their relationships with the participants to test whether there are differences among the pluralistic ignorance of self-my friends，self-popular classmates，self-general classmates. Finally，do the discrepancies in the second question contribute to bystanders’protective behaviors? If there is an influence between the two？Is that relation regulated by demographic variables such as race and the relationship between the victims and bystanders?Methods: A survey of 411 elementary,middle and high school students’ attitudes toward bullying was conducted through the use of questionnaires. The participants reported their attitudes and perceptions of three different peer groups’ attitudes about bullying，as well as their behavior responses when they witness a bullying episode.Results: The participates’attitudes toward the acceptability of bullying are different in demographic variables，such as age，sex，boarders or day students，boarding schools or day schools，but nationality does not have any clear influence on their attitudes. The bystanders’ perceptions of their own pro-social attitude distinguish from their peers’—there exists pluralistic ignorance. The differences among the pluralistic ignorance of self-my friends，self-popular classmates，self-general classmates are significant.Further，misperception of group norms was associated with the students’ reports of behavioral responses to bullying: Children were more likely to protect the victims with similar perceived attitudes and the same nationality as themselves. Conclusion: There is a difference between different groups on children’s Pluralistic Ignorance. Children thought themselves more pro-social than any other groups. Meanwhile，the more intimate the participants and the group were，the more pro-social they perceived the group was (the discrepancy between self and the intimate group was small). Furthermore，there was an association between bystanders’ Pluralistic Ignorance and protective behaviors，which was regulated by some factors of victims. |
| 英文摘要 | 摘要背景：校园欺凌的卷入者分为欺凌者，受欺凌者，旁观者，其中旁观者最多。虽然大多旁观者都是被动旁观的“局外人”，但少数对欺凌的干预行为很有效。为了充分理解“阻止有效，却宁做旁观者”的矛盾现象，学者们从多个视角去解释旁观者的被动旁观行为，以引导和鼓励他们在欺凌情境中，敢于反对欺凌，保护受欺凌。用多元无知理论解释学生的被动旁观，是欺凌研究的新视角。据多元无知理论，目睹欺凌时，如果学生假设自己对受欺凌者的态度与同伴群体的行为不符，可能会做出和自己态度相反而与同伴行为一致的行为反应。问题：首先，本研究欲考察旁观者的亲社会态度在人口统计学变量上是否有差异？其次，旨在比较旁观者对自我和他人亲社会态度的感知中是否存在多元无知？将同伴群体按与被试关系的亲疏度分为三个子群体时，自我-我的好朋友，自我-受欢迎同学，自我-其他同学三种多元无知是否存在差异？最后，多元无知与旁观者行为是否相关？二者的相关是否受受欺凌者因素的调节？方法：本研究采用问卷法测量411名小学生，初中生，高中生的亲社会态度，对三种群体规范的感知，以及对不同受欺凌者的保护。 结果：被试亲社会水平在年龄、性别、寄宿上有显著差异，在民族上无显著差异；被试感知的“我”比其他三种群体更亲社会，即存在多元无知，且自我-我的好朋友，自我-受欢迎同学，自我-其他同学三种多元无知水平差异显著；多元无知水平与旁观者的保护行为相关，该相关受受欺凌者民族、与旁观者关系两个因素的调节。结论：（1）学生自我感知的亲社会态度在人口统计学变量上有差异；（2）自我-他人亲社会态度的差异——多元无知因同伴群体的不同而有差异，越是与其关系亲密的群体，多元无知水平越低；（3）受欺凌者因素在学生多元无知与其保护行为的相关中起调节作用。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41699]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王文. 同伴群体态度感知对旁观者行为的影响：与受欺凌者关系的调节作用[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2019. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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