The Visible Telescope (VT), which is the primary payload for the Chinese-French Space Multi-band Variable Object Monitor (SVOM) mission, is designed to observe the optical afterglow of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). While calibration is one of the key factors to validate that VT achieves its scientific objectives in terms of detection limit, photometric accuracy and photometric system deviation. In the dissertation, based on the scientific objectives and optomechanical parameters of SVOM VT, the calibration techniques for space-based astronomical telescopes are studied. We have carried out comprehensive characterization and high-precision calibration of VT qualification model in three phases: detector, instrumentation and in-orbit laboratory verification, and all tests have reached the desired results and meet the requirements of calibration indicators.