The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies
文献类型：期刊论文
| 作者 | Abeysekara, A. U.; Benbow, W.; Bird, R.; Brill, A.; Brose, R.; Buchovecky, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Christiansen, J. L.; Chromey, A. J.; Daniel, M. K. |
| 刊名 | ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
 |
| 出版日期 | 2020-02-20 |
| 卷号 | 890期号:2页码:21 |
| ISSN号 | 0004-637X |
| DOI | 10.3847/1538-4357/ab6612 |
| 英文摘要 | We report on variability and correlation studies using multiwavelength observations of the blazar Mrk 421 during the month of 2010 February, when an extraordinary flare reaching a level of similar to 27 Crab Units above 1 TeV was measured in very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observatory. This is the highest flux state for Mrk 421 ever observed in VHE gamma-rays. Data are analyzed from a coordinated campaign across multiple instruments, including VHE gamma-ray (VERITAS, Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov), high-energy gamma-ray (Fermi-LAT), X-ray (Swift, Rossi X-ray Timing Experiment, MAXI), optical (including the GASP-WEBT collaboration and polarization data), and radio (Metsahovi, Owens Valley Radio Observatory, University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory). Light curves are produced spanning multiple days before and after the peak of the VHE flare, including over several flare "decline" epochs. The main flare statistics allow 2 minute time bins to be constructed in both the VHE and optical bands enabling a cross-correlation analysis that shows evidence for an optical lag of similar to 25-55 minutes, the first time-lagged correlation between these bands reported on such short timescales. Limits on the Doppler factor (delta greater than or similar to 33) and the size of the emission region (delta R--1(B) less than or similar to 3.8 x 10(13) cm) are obtained from the fast variability observed by VERITAS during the main flare. Analysis of 10 minute binned VHE and X-ray data over the decline epochs shows an extraordinary range of behavior in the flux-flux relationship, from linear to quadratic to lack of correlation to anticorrelation. Taken together, these detailed observations of an unprecedented flare seen in Mrk 421 are difficult to explain with the classic single-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. |
| WOS关键词 | ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI ; RAY LIGHT CURVES ; BL-LAC OBJECTS ; X-RAY ; CRAB-NEBULA ; BLAZAR FLARES ; RADIO-SOURCES ; TEV PHOTONS ; EMISSION ; RADIATION |
| 资助项目 | U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. National Science Foundation ; Smithsonian Institution ; NSERC in Canada ; National Science Foundation ; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science ; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility[DE-AC0205CH11231] ; German BMBF ; MPG ; Italian INFN ; INAF ; Swiss National Fund SNF ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2015-69818-P] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2012-36668] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2015-68378-P] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2015-69210-C6-2R] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[AYA2015-71042-P] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[ESP201571662-C2-2-P] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA201790566REDC] ; Indian Department of Atomic Energy ; Japanese JSPS ; Japanese MEXT ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project[DO1-153/28.08.2018] ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa"[SEV-2016-0588] ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa"[SEV2015-0548] ; Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu"[MDM-2014-0369] ; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project[IP-2016-06-9782] ; University of Rijeka Project[13.12.1.3.02] ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers[SFB823/C4] ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers[SFB876/C3] ; Polish National Research Centre grant[UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382] ; Brazilian MCTIC ; Brazilian CNPq ; Brazilian FAPERJ ; NASA[NNX08AW31G] ; NASA[NNX11A043G] ; NASA[NNX14AQ89G] ; NASA[80NSSC17K0649] ; NSF[AST-0808050] ; NSF[AST1109911] ; NSF[AST 0607523] ; NSF[AST-1615796] ; NASA Fermi GI award[NNX09AU16G] ; Russian RFBR foundation[12-02-00452] ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation[FR/577/6-320/13] ; Fermi Guest Investigator Program[NNX09AU10G] |
| WOS研究方向 | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 出版者 | IOP PUBLISHING LTD |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:000522100700006 |
| 资助机构 | U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. National Science Foundation ; U.S. National Science Foundation ; Smithsonian Institution ; Smithsonian Institution ; NSERC in Canada ; NSERC in Canada ; National Science Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science ; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science ; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility ; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility ; German BMBF ; German BMBF ; MPG ; MPG ; Italian INFN ; Italian INFN ; INAF ; INAF ; Swiss National Fund SNF ; Swiss National Fund SNF ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO ; Indian Department of Atomic Energy ; Indian Department of Atomic Energy ; Japanese JSPS ; Japanese JSPS ; Japanese MEXT ; Japanese MEXT ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" ; Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" ; Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" ; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project ; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project ; University of Rijeka Project ; University of Rijeka Project ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers ; Polish National Research Centre grant ; Polish National Research Centre grant ; Brazilian MCTIC ; Brazilian MCTIC ; Brazilian CNPq ; Brazilian CNPq ; Brazilian FAPERJ ; Brazilian FAPERJ ; NASA ; NASA ; NSF ; NSF ; NASA Fermi GI award ; NASA Fermi GI award ; Russian RFBR foundation ; Russian RFBR foundation ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation ; Fermi Guest Investigator Program ; Fermi Guest Investigator Program ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. National Science Foundation ; U.S. National Science Foundation ; Smithsonian Institution ; Smithsonian Institution ; NSERC in Canada ; NSERC in Canada ; National Science Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science ; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science ; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility ; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility ; German BMBF ; German BMBF ; MPG ; MPG ; Italian INFN ; Italian INFN ; INAF ; INAF ; Swiss National Fund SNF ; Swiss National Fund SNF ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO ; Indian Department of Atomic Energy ; Indian Department of Atomic Energy ; Japanese JSPS ; Japanese JSPS ; Japanese MEXT ; Japanese MEXT ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" ; Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" ; Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" ; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project ; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project ; University of Rijeka Project ; University of Rijeka Project ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers ; Polish National Research Centre grant ; Polish National Research Centre grant ; Brazilian MCTIC ; Brazilian MCTIC ; Brazilian CNPq ; Brazilian CNPq ; Brazilian FAPERJ ; Brazilian FAPERJ ; NASA ; NASA ; NSF ; NSF ; NASA Fermi GI award ; NASA Fermi GI award ; Russian RFBR foundation ; Russian RFBR foundation ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation ; Fermi Guest Investigator Program ; Fermi Guest Investigator Program ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. National Science Foundation ; U.S. National Science Foundation ; Smithsonian Institution ; Smithsonian Institution ; NSERC in Canada ; NSERC in Canada ; National Science Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science ; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science ; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility ; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility ; German BMBF ; German BMBF ; MPG ; MPG ; Italian INFN ; Italian INFN ; INAF ; INAF ; Swiss National Fund SNF ; Swiss National Fund SNF ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO ; Indian Department of Atomic Energy ; Indian Department of Atomic Energy ; Japanese JSPS ; Japanese JSPS ; Japanese MEXT ; Japanese MEXT ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" ; Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" ; Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" ; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project ; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project ; University of Rijeka Project ; University of Rijeka Project ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers ; Polish National Research Centre grant ; Polish National Research Centre grant ; Brazilian MCTIC ; Brazilian MCTIC ; Brazilian CNPq ; Brazilian CNPq ; Brazilian FAPERJ ; Brazilian FAPERJ ; NASA ; NASA ; NSF ; NSF ; NASA Fermi GI award ; NASA Fermi GI award ; Russian RFBR foundation ; Russian RFBR foundation ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation ; Fermi Guest Investigator Program ; Fermi Guest Investigator Program ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. National Science Foundation ; U.S. National Science Foundation ; Smithsonian Institution ; Smithsonian Institution ; NSERC in Canada ; NSERC in Canada ; National Science Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science ; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science ; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility ; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility ; German BMBF ; German BMBF ; MPG ; MPG ; Italian INFN ; Italian INFN ; INAF ; INAF ; Swiss National Fund SNF ; Swiss National Fund SNF ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO ; Indian Department of Atomic Energy ; Indian Department of Atomic Energy ; Japanese JSPS ; Japanese JSPS ; Japanese MEXT ; Japanese MEXT ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" ; Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" ; Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" ; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project ; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project ; University of Rijeka Project ; University of Rijeka Project ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers ; Polish National Research Centre grant ; Polish National Research Centre grant ; Brazilian MCTIC ; Brazilian MCTIC ; Brazilian CNPq ; Brazilian CNPq ; Brazilian FAPERJ ; Brazilian FAPERJ ; NASA ; NASA ; NSF ; NSF ; NASA Fermi GI award ; NASA Fermi GI award ; Russian RFBR foundation ; Russian RFBR foundation ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation ; Fermi Guest Investigator Program ; Fermi Guest Investigator Program |
| 源URL | [http://ir.bao.ac.cn/handle/114a11/54892]  |
| 专题 | 中国科学院国家天文台 |
| 通讯作者 | Fortson, L. |
| 作者单位 | 1.Univ Oulu, Astron Res Unit, Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Oulu, Finland 2.IFPU, Trieste, Italy 3.Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria 4.Univ Barcelona, ICCUB, IEEC UB, Barcelona, Spain 5.Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Croatian Consortium, Zagreb, Croatia 6.Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA 7.Univ Alabama, Space Sci Dept, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA 8.Univ Space Res Assoc, Sci & Technol Inst, Huntsville, AL USA 9.NASA, Astrophys Branch, ST12, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA 10.Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Garching, Germany |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Abeysekara, A. U.,Benbow, W.,Bird, R.,et al. The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL,2020,890(2):21. |
| APA | Abeysekara, A. U..,Benbow, W..,Bird, R..,Brill, A..,Brose, R..,...&Villata, M..(2020).The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies.ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL,890(2),21. |
| MLA | Abeysekara, A. U.,et al."The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies".ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 890.2(2020):21. |
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来源：国家天文台
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