The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: CO Excitation and Atomic Carbon in Star-forming Galaxies at z?=?1–3
文献类型:期刊论文
作者 | Boogaard,Leindert A.2; Werf,Paul van der2; Weiss,Axel3; Popping,Gerg?4; Decarli,Roberto5; Walter,Fabian6,7; Aravena,Manuel8; Bouwens,Rychard2; Riechers,Dominik6,9; González-López,Jorge8,10 |
刊名 | The Astrophysical Journal |
出版日期 | 2020-10-01 |
卷号 | 902期号:2 |
ISSN号 | 0004-637X |
关键词 | CO line emission Dust continuum emission Interstellar medium Galaxy formation Galaxy evolution High-redshift galaxies Millimeter astronomy |
DOI | 10.3847/1538-4357/abb82f |
英文摘要 | Abstract We investigate the CO excitation and interstellar medium (ISM) conditions in a cold gas mass-selected sample of 22 star-forming galaxies at z?=?0.46–3.60, observed as part of the ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (ASPECS). Combined with Very Large Array follow-up observations, we detect a total of 34 CO transitions with J?=?1 up to 8 (and an additional 21 upper limits, up to J?=?10) and 6 and transitions (and 12 upper limits). The CO(2–1) and CO(3–2)-selected galaxies, at and 2.5, respectively, exhibit a range in excitation in their mid-J?=?4, 5 and high-J?=?7, 8 lines, on average lower than ( -brighter) BzK-color- and submillimeter-selected galaxies at similar redshifts. The former implies that a warm ISM component is not necessarily prevalent in gas mass-selected galaxies at . We use stacking and Large Velocity Gradient models to measure and predict the average CO ladders at z?2 and z?≥?2, finding and , respectively. From the models, we infer that the galaxies at z?≥?2 have intrinsically higher excitation than those at z?2. This fits a picture in which the global excitation is driven by an increase in the star formation rate surface density of galaxies with redshift. We derive a neutral atomic carbon abundance of , comparable to the Milky Way and main-sequence galaxies at similar redshifts, and fairly high densities (≥104 cm?3), consistent with the low-J CO excitation. Our results imply a decrease in the cosmic molecular gas mass density at z?≥?2 compared to previous ASPECS measurements. |
语种 | 英语 |
出版者 | The American Astronomical Society |
WOS记录号 | IOP:0004-637X-902-2-ABB82F |
源URL | [http://ir.bao.ac.cn/handle/114a11/62236] |
专题 | 中国科学院国家天文台 |
通讯作者 | Boogaard,Leindert A. |
作者单位 | 1.Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Universite Paris Diderot, Irfu/Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France 2.Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; boogaard@strw.leidenuniv.nl 3.Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany 4.European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany 5.INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy 6.Max Planck Institute für Astronomie, K?nigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany 7.National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Pete V. Domenici Array Science Center, P.O. Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA 8.Núcleo de Astronomía de la Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago, Chile 9.Cornell University, 220 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA 10.Instituto de Astrofísica, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Vicu?a Mackenna 4860, 782-0436 Macul, Santiago, Chile |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Boogaard,Leindert A.,Werf,Paul van der,Weiss,Axel,et al. The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: CO Excitation and Atomic Carbon in Star-forming Galaxies at z?=?1–3[J]. The Astrophysical Journal,2020,902(2). |
APA | Boogaard,Leindert A..,Werf,Paul van der.,Weiss,Axel.,Popping,Gerg?.,Decarli,Roberto.,...&Wagg,Jeff.(2020).The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: CO Excitation and Atomic Carbon in Star-forming Galaxies at z?=?1–3.The Astrophysical Journal,902(2). |
MLA | Boogaard,Leindert A.,et al."The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: CO Excitation and Atomic Carbon in Star-forming Galaxies at z?=?1–3".The Astrophysical Journal 902.2(2020). |
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来源:国家天文台
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