滴灌棉田微生物生态制剂的研究与应用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 杜晓燕 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2008-05-24 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 过程工程研究所 |
| 导师 | 张小勇 |
| 关键词 | 硅酸盐细菌 滴灌 耐盐 耐碱性能 解磷 解钾 固氮酶活性 |
| 其他题名 | Study on the application of microbial ecological dosage in drip irrigation system |
| 学位专业 | 生物化工 |
| 中文摘要 | 微生物接种剂作用效果的不稳定性阻碍了其在农业上的应用推广，如何使接入的有益微生物能在环境中尽快定殖、扩增并发挥特有的功能，已成为科学家们研究的热点。本研究以从新疆滴灌棉区土壤耕层分离筛选出的经过长期干旱半干旱气候和盐碱环境驯化的硅酸盐菌株制备微生物生态制剂，采用随水滴灌的新型施用方式，向土壤中多次大剂量引入微生物，以期获得良好的应用效果。 对分离菌株进行形态学、生理生化等特性研究的结果显示，菌体为杆状，两端钝圆；单个菌落呈边缘整齐的大圆形，无色透明，表面湿润有光泽，在平板上隆起如半粒玻璃珠；可以利用葡萄糖、蔗糖、淀粉、甘露醇为碳源，利用(NH4)2SO4和KNO3为唯一氮源；能水解明胶、淀粉，M•R和接触酶试验阳性，V•P、卵磷脂酶、苯丙氨酸脱氨、酪素水解、脲酶和吲哚试验阴性，初步确定该菌株为胶冻样芽胞杆菌。对菌株进行功能特性研究的结果显示：菌株具有极强的耐盐、耐碱性能，分别在盐浓度5.0 %和pH 10.0时仍可生长；菌株具有解磷、解钾和固氮活性，溶磷、解钾率分别为2.68 %和0.523 %；固氮酶活性最高可达232.85 μmol/(g• h)，且分别随培养基pH升高和盐浓度增大，固氮酶活性降低。 在接菌盆栽实验中，由于硅酸盐细菌及其代谢物的共同作用，施用硅酸盐菌液的处理与空白对照、基质对照相比生物量分别增加了47.1 %和24.9 %。根际细菌菌落计数结果表明，随水滴灌的施用方式有利于微生物在植物根际形成优势菌群。施用菌剂的处理与空白对照相比，土壤中有效磷、有效钾含量分别增加了167.87 % 和37.24 %。由于棉花的吸收利用、无额外补加氮肥及硅酸盐细菌固氮能力有限三方面因素的共同作用，试验土壤全氮含量降低。此外，施用微生物接种剂的处理与空白、基质对照相比，土壤有机质含量也有所下降，可能是由于微生物的呼吸作用使得土壤有机质大部分以CO2形式散失掉。 采用微生物接种剂随水滴施的施用方式在施用时间、次数、剂量上具有可调性，其在农业上的应用具有广阔的前景。 |
| 英文摘要 | The variability and inconsistency of functions hobble popularization of bacterial inoculants in agriculture. Then how to realize the quick colonization, propagation and virtue of bacterial inoculation come to the point. In present study, with the expectation of satisfactory application effects, we focused on the preparation of microbial ecological dosage with silicate bacteria domesticated by long-term semi-arid climate and salina environment isolated from arable soil in Xinjiang Province and its inoculation through the novel repetitious inoculation method via drip-irrigation, which will realize the inoculation of large amount of active bacteria repetitiously into soil. The strain was bacilliform and obtuse; the colony was big and rounded, translucent, humid, glossiness, ridgy just like beading. It had the ability to utilize glucose, sucrose, mannitol and starch as carbon sources, to use (NH4)2SO4 and KNO3 as nitrogen source; to hydrolyze glutin and starch, positive in M•R and catalase reaction; negative in V•P, lecithinase, denitration of phenylalanine, hydrolysis of casein, urease and indole trials. It belonged to the Bacillus mucilaginosus according to characteristic tests about morphology, physiology and biochemistry. The study on special virtue showed that the strain was of strong resistance to high salinity and alkalinity, it could grow in 5.0 % NaCl medium and in pH 10.0 medium.The phosphorus-releasing and potassium-releasing efficiencies were 2.68 % and 0.523 % respectively. The highest nitrogen fixation activity was 232.85 μmol/(g• h), and descended with the increase of pH and salinity, respectively. Pot experiments with inoculation significantly increased plant biomass by 47.1 % and 24.9 %, respectively, as compared to control and substrate control, due to corporate functions of bacteria and its metabolic coupling. Inoculation through drip irrigation resulted in improved population of Bacillus mucilaginosus in the rhizosphere according to enumeration. Inoculation treatments allowed increases in available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K) content in soil by 167.87 % and 37.24 %, respectively, as compared to control. The integrative effects of significant increase of biomass, nitrogen-deficiency in soil and limited Nitrogen (N)-fixation activity resulted in the decrease with respect to total N content. Furthermore, as compared to control and substrate control, there were decreases with organic matter content in inoculation treatments and it maybe due to the respiration of bacteria with a lot of organic compounds lost through the production of carbon dioxide. The inoculation method through drip-irrigation is reconcilable with respect to application time, times and dosages. It promises an extensive future for application in agriculture. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-09-13 |
| 页码 | 82 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1226]  |
| 专题 | 过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 杜晓燕. 滴灌棉田微生物生态制剂的研究与应用[D]. 过程工程研究所. 中国科学院过程工程研究所. 2008. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：过程工程研究所
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