新型阻燃抑烟RTV复合材料的制备与性能表征
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 陈江超 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009-06-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 过程工程研究所 |
| 导师 | 陈运法 |
| 关键词 | 机械化学法 层状双金属氢氧化物 室温硫化硅橡胶 阻燃 抑烟 |
| 其他题名 | Preparation and Characterization of A Novel Fire-retardant RTV Composite |
| 学位专业 | 化学工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 针对传统无机阻燃剂不能同时使室温硫化硅橡胶复合材料达到理想的阻燃、抑烟效果，本文尝试采用机械化学法制备一种无机无卤并高效阻燃抑烟的新型阻燃剂。双金属氢氧化物(LDH)具有独特的层状结构，层板中的金属离子具有可替代性，层间阴离子具有可交换性。本文在提出将铁和铈置入LDH层板，研制出新型阻燃材料，并对其应用性能进行了考察。主要研究内容及结果如下： (1) 开发了一种制备LDH的新型工艺：利用CaO中的Ca2+作为组成LDH层板的二价元素，减轻了环境负荷；干法球磨处理CaO和Al(NO3)3•9H2O原料，洗涤干燥后得到层间距约0.85 nm、晶粒大小约40 nm的Ca-Al LDH(NO3)。 (2) 探索了机械化学法制备Ca-Al LDH(NO3)的可能机制：CaO与Al(NO3)3•9H2O中的结晶水反应，生成Ca(OH)2，为反应提高氢氧根，借助机械化学的强化过程，制备出Ca-Al LDH(NO3)。 (3) 制备了室温硫化硅橡胶新型阻燃剂。在制备LDH的过程中，通过引入能提高硅橡胶热稳定性的金属离子Fe3+和Ce3+，制备出层间距约0.830 nm、晶粒大小约10 nm的Ca-Fe LDH以及层间距约0.833 nm、晶粒大小约15 nm的Ca-Fe-Ce LDH。 (4) 制备了含Ca-Fe LDH和Ca-Fe-Ce LDH的室温硫化硅橡胶，结果表明：两种阻燃剂添加量均是70份时，复合材料的氧指数都达到34.5%左右，此时复合材料的力学性能也较为理想。当添加量都为20份时，含Ca-Fe-Ce LDH的室温硫化硅橡胶的最大烟密度较小，达到8.46。 |
| 英文摘要 | Traditional inorganic fire-retardants could not synchronously solve fire-retardancy and smoke inhibition of Room Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber (RTV). This dissertation is aiming to preparing series of inorganic and dehalogen novel fire-retaedants with mechanochemical method. Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) is layered structure anion clay with exchangeable anions and adjustable cations. Iron and cerium which can improve thermal stability of silicone rubber were added into LDH layered sheet to form novel fire-retardants. Main research content and results have been summarized as follows: (1) One new method has been developed to prepare the LDH: At first, Ca2+ from CaO has been used as divalent cation to form LDH sheet, which avoids anion pollution in preparation of LDH; Then ball milled the mixture of CaO and Al(NO3)3•9H2O for 30 min, after washing, centrifugation, drying, Ca-Al LDH(NO3) with about 0.85 nm in layered distance, 40 nm in crystal diameters was obtained. (2) The mechanism of preparation of Layered Double Hydroxides with mechanochemical method has been studied. With the help of continuous observation of XRD diffractometer, Ca(OH)2 can obtained when mixing CaO and Al(NO3)3•9H2O, the reason can be attributed to CaO reacting with crystal water of Al(NO3)3•9H2O, which avoids adding the precipitant (mainly NaOH). (3) Novel fire-retardants of Room Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber (RTV) have been prepared. First, we synthesized Ca-Fe LDH and Ca-Fe-Ce LDH. Then, after surface modification of Ca-Fe LDH and Ca-Fe-Ce LDH, we prepared RTV/Ca-Fe LDH and RTV/Ca-Fe-Ce LDH. The limited oxygen index of both RTV/Ca-Fe LDH and RTV/Ca-Fe-Ce LDH both reached about 34.5% with 70 phr of two novel LDHs respectively, with best mechanical properties of composites at the same time. When coming to smoke inhibition with 20 phr inorganic fire-retardants, the smoke density of RTV/Ca-Fe-Ce LDH can reach 8.46, which exhibits excellent smoke inhibition property. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-09-16 |
| 页码 | 71 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1270]  |
| 专题 | 过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 陈江超. 新型阻燃抑烟RTV复合材料的制备与性能表征[D]. 过程工程研究所. 中国科学院过程工程研究所. 2009. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：过程工程研究所
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