镍闪速熔炼的流程模拟及热力学平衡模型
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 谭靓慧 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009-05-21 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 过程工程研究所 |
| 导师 | 杨宁 |
| 关键词 | 闪速熔炼 流程模拟 平衡常数 吉布斯自由能最小 热力学平衡模型 |
| 其他题名 | Process simulation and thermodynamic equilibrium modeling for nickel flash smelting |
| 学位专业 | 化学工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 与传统熔炼工艺相比，镍闪速熔炼工艺不仅提高了镍精矿的处理能力，而且显著降低了过程的能耗。近年来，镍闪速熔炼的数值模拟得到重视，逐渐成为认识熔炼过程影响因素、控制和优化操作及改进工艺的有力工具。本文工作分三部分内容，首先用商业流程模拟软件SysCAD初步建立了包括闪速炉、转炉和贫化电炉的典型镍闪速熔炼过程的流程模型，探讨了SysCAD软件和流程模拟技术在火法冶金领域的应用，及熔炼机理模型对完善流程模拟的必要性。其次，基于Brinkley原理，用平衡常数法研究建立了镍闪速炉多相多组分热力学平衡模型。最后，以最小自由能原理为基础，结合元素势的概念，用吉布斯自由能最小法建立了耦合过程热平衡计算的镍闪速炉热力学平衡模型。这两个模型的主要区别在于，前者的平衡温度是模型的输入参数，在模型的求解过程中是一个固定值；而后者的平衡温度是模型的一个求解变量。通过与实验和生产数据的对比，验证了模型的可靠性。分别基于这两个模型，研究了鼓风总量、氧气浓度和熔剂率等操作变量对镍锍品位、炉渣中Fe/SiO2等工艺参数的影响，从理论上探讨了在现行工艺条件下进行生产优化的途径。模拟结果的分析表明，平衡温度、镍锍品位、有价金属在渣中的损失、渣中Fe/SiO2都随着闪速炉内氧量的增加而上升；熔剂率的提高会导致产渣量、镍锍品位的上升和渣中Fe/SiO2、Fe3O4含量的下降。两模型计算结果的对比说明，平衡温度是模型的一个重要特征参数，且受鼓风速度、富氧浓度和熔剂率等操作参数的影响；闪速炉内的氧气总量从本质上决定了金属元素的分配行为。 |
| 英文摘要 | In contrast to conventional nickel pyro-metallurgical technologies, flash smelting is advantageous in large concentrates throughput and energy saving. In recent years, process simulation has become a powerful tool for understanding the influential factors and process control and optimization in metallurgical industries. This thesis deals with the process simulation for nickel flash smelting and falls into three parts on this topic. First, a conceptual flowsheet model is established and simulated with commercial software SysCAD for a typical nickel flash smelting process, involving a flash smelting furnace, a converter and an electrical furnace for slag cleaning. Second, a thermodynamic equilibrium model of nickel flash smelting furnace is developed with Brinkley principle and the equilibrium constant method. Third, a thermodynamic equilibrium model is coupled with an energy balance consideration for nickel flash smelting furnace, based on the Gibbs free energy minimization approach and the concept of element potential. One of essential differences between the two models lies in the equilibrium temperature, which is a constant input parameter in the first model but becomes a variable in the second one. Model validation is firstly carried out with experimental and industrial data, and then these two models are utilized to investigate the influences of operating conditions, such as the volume flux of blast, the oxygen concentration and the ratio of flux to concentrates, on product quality and process performance. It is found that equilibrium temperature, matte grade, losses of valuable metals and the ratio of Fe to SiO2 in slag increase with oxygen amount. The increase of the ratio of flux to concentrates promotes matte grade and increases slag yield, but reduces the ratio of Fe to SiO2 and the content of Fe3O4 in slag. Potential solutions for enhancing product quality and process optimization are then proposed on the basis of the theortical model calculation. It can be concluded that equilibrium temperature is an important characteristic parameter, and oxygen amount in flash smelting furnace determines the distribution behaviors of metals. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-09-16 |
| 页码 | 105 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1275]  |
| 专题 | 过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 谭靓慧. 镍闪速熔炼的流程模拟及热力学平衡模型[D]. 过程工程研究所. 中国科学院过程工程研究所. 2009. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：过程工程研究所
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