微生物燃料电池的优化及应用研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 李顶杰 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009-05-21 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 过程工程研究所 |
| 导师 | 李浩然 |
| 关键词 | 微生物燃料电池 电极修饰 溶氧 串联 并联 |
| 其他题名 | Performance Optimization of Microbial Fuel Cells and Application Research |
| 学位专业 | 生物化工 |
| 中文摘要 | 微生物燃料电池(MFC)是以微生物为催化剂，将可降解有机物中的化学能直接转化为电能的装置。本文通过电极改性和改变电池结构对MFC优化，并通过串/并联提高输出电压电流。为微生物燃料电池实际应用提供基础数据。 在高温下使用氨气修饰石墨电极表面，研究电极改性对产电微生物富集和电化学性能的影响。结果表明：改性电极可将产电微生物在电极表面的富集速度提高2.5倍，降低了表观内阻，同时电极的最大功率密度提高30%，库仑效率提高20%。 构建无膜H-型无介体微生物燃料电池，通过考察操作条件对无膜MFC的底物消耗、库仑效率、最大电流(电压)、内阻的影响。发现与双室MFC相比ML-MFC可以消除由于质子交换膜引起的阴阳极室pH的差异，并且在两极区保持溶氧差异，和降低内阻。利用人工污水作为底物时，输出功率密度达到61 mW/m2，COD去除率达到157 g/day.m3。底物在厌氧区、过渡区和阴极区中均有消耗；通过厌氧、有氧两个处理过程耦合，提高了COD负荷。 微生物燃料电池通过串联、并联可以提高输出电压、电流。通过考察不同条件下的串并联电池组，发现串联电池组中电池间的内阻差异是造成反极现象的主要原因，内阻较大的电池容易在工作电流较大的时候出现反极，采用合理的串、并联方式可以有效消除反极现象，并降低由反极引起的电能损失。外电阻为30 Ω时，混联电池组输出功率密度(30.3 mW/m2)是串联电池组(6.53 mW/m2)的4倍多。 |
| 英文摘要 | Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device, which could directly convert the energy stored in chemical bonds in biodegradable compounds to electricity with microorganism as catalyst. In this paper, electrode modification and MFC design were studied in order to improve the performance of the MFCs. Further more, output voltage and current was increased by connecting MFCs in series and parallel stack with emphases on providing foundation date for MFC practical application. Surface modification of graphite electrode was carried out in ammonia atmosphere at high temperature. Electrochemical performance and capacity of microorganism enrichment of the modified electrode were studied. The results showed that modified electrodes could accelerate the process of microbial enrichment, 2.5 times faster than that of the untreated electrode. In addition, it reduced the apparent resistance of the MFC, and enhanced the maximum power density regarding to the electrode surface by 30%, coulombic efficiency by 20%. H-shape membrane-less mediator-less microbial fuel cell reactor was constructed. The influence of different operating parameters on substrate consumption, coulomb efficiency, maximum current (voltage) and internal resistance of the H-shape ML-MFC were studied. In comparison with MFC with cation exchange membrane (CEM), removal of the CEM eliminated the difference of pH and lowered internal resistance caused by the CEM. Gradient of dissolved oxygen between anode and cathode region was maintained at certain level. The output power density of the MFC can reach 61 mW/m2, COD removal rate was 157 g/day.m3 with artificial waste water as substrate. Substrate consumption occurred in anaerobe region, transition region and aerobe region of the MFC, COD removal rate was enhanced by the combination of anaerobe and aerobe process. MFC connected in series or parallel increase output voltage and current, respectively. The result showed that the difference of individual cells in a stack was the main reason to cause cell reversal, and the cell with larger internal resistance tended to be pole reversal at the large working current. Reasonable hybrid connection of MFCs reduced the energy loss caused by the cell reversal in stack, when external resistance was 30 Ω. The output power density of the adopted hybrid connection stack (30.3 mW/m2) was around 4 times as that(6.59 mW/m2) of series stacked MFCs with the external resistance of 30 Ω. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-09-16 |
| 页码 | 81 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1288]  |
| 专题 | 过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李顶杰. 微生物燃料电池的优化及应用研究[D]. 过程工程研究所. 中国科学院过程工程研究所. 2009. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：过程工程研究所
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