超重力条件下金属电沉积的基础研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 刘婷 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2010-07-30 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 导师 | 郭占成 |
| 关键词 | 超重力 电沉积 金属箔 形貌 性能 |
| 其他题名 | Foundamental Research on metal Electrodeposition in Super Gravity Field |
| 学位专业 | 化学工程 |
| 中文摘要 | (1)超重力场加快了金属离子的还原反应速度，促进了金属的沉积反应。析氢副反应过程的强化使得电沉积金属的电流效率随重力系数的增大而降低，然而，超重力下电沉积反应的槽电压降低，生成单位金属箔所需的能量随重力系数的增大而减小。 (2)研究了重力系数及其作用方向对金属电沉积反应扩散过程的影响规律，以考察超重力对金属电沉积反应的强化机理。结果表明：超重力场中离子的扩散系数几乎没有变化；随着重力系数的增大，电极表面的扩散层厚度减小，电极表面的浓度梯度增大；不同重力方向下金属电沉积反应的极限电流密度均随重力系数的增大而增加。 (3)研究了超重力条件下金属电沉积反应的极化过程和反应动力学。结果表明：重力系数增大，电沉积金属铜和金属镍的反应极化过电位均减小，电极反应表观活化能降低。电沉积金属铜和金属镍的交换电流密度均随着重力系数的增大而减小。对电沉积金属镍的电结晶动力学研究表明，超重力条件下镍晶体的成核速度加快，镍晶的成核密度随重力系数增加而增大。 (4)研究了超重力条件下电沉积金属产物镍箔、铁箔、镍铁合金箔和锌镍合金箔的表面形貌和晶体结构。结果表明：超重力场中，沉积金属晶体的择优取向受到了抑制，金属的晶粒尺寸均随着重力系数的增大而减小，表面致密平整。合金元素含量分析结果表明，沉积NiFe合金中的Fe元素以及沉积ZnNi合金中的Zn元素含量均随着重力系数的增大而增加。 (5)研究了超重力条件下电沉积金属材料的性能，产物镍箔、铁箔、镍铁合金箔、锌镍合金箔的硬度、抗拉强度、抗腐蚀性能和磁性能测试结果表明：在超重力条件下电沉积金属箔的硬度和抗拉强度均随着重力系数的增大而显著提高。抗腐蚀性能测试和磁性能测试结果表明，超重力条件下电沉积金属产物的抗腐蚀性能和磁性能均显著增强。 |
| 英文摘要 | (1) The redox reaction of metal electrodeposition was enhanced by the super gravity field, both metal electrodeposition and hydrogen evolution reaction were enhanced. The current efficiency of metal electrodeposition was decreased with increasing gravity coefficient. In addidtion, the cell voltage was reduced, leading to the decrease of energy consumption of metal electrodeposition with gravity coefficient. (2) To realize the enhancement machanism of super gravity field on metal electrodeposition, effects of the intensity as well as the direction of super gravity on metal electrodeposition were examined. The results indicated that the diffusion coefficient of metal ions was unchanged by the super gravity field; with increasing gravity coefficient, the diffusion layer in front of the electrode is thinner, and the concentration gradient is enlarged. The limiting current density of metal electrodeposition in different gravity fields was increased with the gravity coefficient. (3) The polarization process and kinetics of metal electrodeposition were investigated, the results indicated that the polarization potential of copper and nickel electrodeposition was decreased with gravity coefficient. The activation energy of nickel electrodeposition was significantly reduced with increasing gravity coefficient. The exchange current density of nickel electrodeposition was increased with gravity coefficient. The investigation of nucleation kinetics of nickel electrodeposition showed that the nuleation rate was increasd by the super gravity field. The nuleation density was increaed with gravity coefficient. (4) The morphology and structure of nickel foils, iron foils, NiFe alloy foils and ZnNi alloy foils electrodeposited in the super gravity field were investigated. The results showed that the preferred orientation of metal crystal was inhibited by the super gravity field, metal foils with finer grains and smoother surfaces were obtained in the super gravity field. The composition analysis of deposited alloy foils indicated that the Fe content of NiFe alloy and the Zn content of ZnNi alloy were both increased with the gravity coefficient. (5) Mechanical properties, corrosion resistance property and magnetic property of electrodepositied metal foils were examined. The results showed that both hardness and tensile strength were improved for the nickel and iron foils deposited in the super gravity field. Due to the variation in the structure, the metal foils obtained in the super gravity field exhibited improved corrosion resistance and magnetic properties. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-09-17 |
| 页码 | 167 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1489]  |
| 专题 | 过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘婷. 超重力条件下金属电沉积的基础研究[D]. 中国科学院研究生院. 2010. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：过程工程研究所
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