乌梁素海流域发展模式对湖泊富营养化的影响研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 董蓓蓓 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2011-05-25 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 导师 | 曹宏斌 ; 张懿 |
| 关键词 | 发展模式 乌梁素海流域 湖泊富营养化 源解析 水环境容量 |
| 其他题名 | Impact of the Development Model of Wuliangsuhai basin on Lake Eutrophication |
| 学位专业 | 环境工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 湖泊富营养化是世界性水环境问题。我国社会经济的快速发展加速了湖泊富营养化过程，富营养化控制已迫在眉睫。针对当前湖泊富营养化治理中存在的“重末端轻源头、重点源轻面源、重治理轻预防”的问题，论文提出从流域发展模式出发，通过优化发展模式，从源头和末端、点面结合来综合控制污染排放，全面统筹湖泊环境保护和流域经济发展的湖泊富营养化治理新思路，并以乌梁素海为案例，系统研究了区域发展模式对乌梁素海富营养化的影响，在此基础上提出了乌梁素海富营养化控制政策建议。研究取得了以下主要结论：（1）对乌梁素海流域社会经济发展模式进行了分析和识别。研究结果表明，乌梁素海流域发展模式为资源依赖型发展模式，即依托当地丰富的水资源、农畜产品资源和矿产资源而形成的产业发展模式；（2）从污染源调查、排污和入湖系数选取、污染负荷估算和核查三个方面构建了湖泊流域污染源解析技术体系，对乌梁素海流域污染源进行了深入解析。结果显示，流域有机污染物主要来自农田面源、工业点源及城镇生活源，三者占总入湖量68.0%；总氮主要来自农田面源、城镇生活源及畜牧养殖业源，占总入湖量的62.2%；总磷主要来自畜牧养殖业源和农田面源，占总排放量的59.3%；（3）应用SPSS软件对我国农田总氮流失系数和各影响因素进行相关回归分析。结果表明，各因素对总氮流失系数的影响程度由大到小依次为年降雨量（X6）、施氮量（X5）、土地利用方式（X3）、土壤质地（X4），并据此建立了我国农田总氮流失系数的多元线性回归模型：Y=-0.353+0.019X6+0.017X5+0.304X3+0.006X4。将其应用到乌梁素海流域，得乌梁素海流域农田总氮亩均流失系数为2kg•a-1；（4）采用主成分分析法研究了各主要污染源的社会经济驱动因子及其影响程度。结果表明，畜牧业源的主要驱动因子由强到弱依次为畜牧业比重、畜禽粪便利用状况及养殖规模，农业面源的主要驱动因子由强到弱依次为化肥农药施用量、种植结构及农业用水量，工业点源的主要驱动因子由强到弱依次为产业结构、工业用水量及工业污染治理水平，生活源的主要驱动因子由强到弱依次为城市化进程、环境管理水平、人口规模和生活用水量。并据此制定了乌梁素海流域水环境保护和污染防治的对策。 |
| 英文摘要 | Lake eutrophication is a worldwide environmental problem, the rapid socioeconomic development promotes the eutrophication process and the control of eutrophication is emergent. A great deal of facts had proved that current lake eutrophication control has the feature of taking end-treatment seriously and pollution source lightly, taking point sources seriously and non-point sources lightly, taking treatment seriously and prevention lightly, so an innovative mode are needed: begining with changing regional development patterns, then concerning lake protection and valley economic development as a whole with combination of pollution control and ecological restoration. In this thesis, the effects of the regional development pattern of Wuliangsuhai basin on eutrophication were studied systematically, with innovative achievements as follows: (1) Pattern of social and economic development in Wuliangsuhai basin was analyzed and identified. The results indicated that Wuliangsuhai basin was resource-based development model, in which its economical development greatly relied on abundant water resources, agricultural and livestock resources, and mineral resources. (2) The pollution sources of Wuliangsuhai basin were analyzed by constructing lakes basin pollution analytical technology system which consists of three parts: pollution source investigation, coefficient choose and load estimation. Among the discharged chemical oxygen demand (COD), agricultural non-point source pollution, industrial point sources pollution and urban life source pollution accounted for 68.0%. Total nitrogen (TN) discharge from agricultural non-point source pollution, urban life source pollution and livestock waste occupied 62.2% in total. About 59.3% total phosphorus (TP) discharge was attributed to livestock waste and agricultural non-point source pollution. (3) Correlation and regression analyses of runoff loss coefficient of total nitrogen and six influence factors were performed by SPSS．Results showed that four environmental factors had significant impact on runoff loss of total nitrogen from farmland in the order：annual rainfall (X6)> nitrogen application rate (X5)> land use pattern (X3)> soil texture (X4). Regression model was established as the following equation: Y=-0.353+0.019X6+0.017X5+0.304X3+0.006X4.According to the model, the runoff loss coefficient of total nitrogen in Wuliangsuhai basin is 2kg•a-1. (4) The contribution of driving factors of the main sources pollution were studied with the principal component analysis. The results showed that the proportion of animal husbandry, utilization of animal manure and scale of cultivation were the main driving factors of livestock waste. Applications of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, agricultural planting structure and agricultural water consumption were the main driving factors for agricultural non-point source pollution. Industrial structure, industrial water consumption and industrial pollution control standards were the main driving factors for industrial point sources pollution. Urbanization, environmental management, population size and household water consumption were the main driving factors for urban life source pollution. And several feasible suggestions were proposed for water environmental protection and pollution prevention in Wuliangsuhai basin |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-09-24 |
| 页码 | 112 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1722]  |
| 专题 | 过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 董蓓蓓. 乌梁素海流域发展模式对湖泊富营养化的影响研究[D]. 中国科学院研究生院. 2011. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：过程工程研究所
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