光合微生物燃料电池产电性能优化及其应用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 赖斌 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2012-05-24 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 导师 | 李浩然 |
| 关键词 | 微生物燃料电池 导电聚苯胺 有机-金属复合催化剂 X射线光电子能谱 |
| 其他题名 | Power Enhancement and Applications of Photosynthetic Microbial Fuel Cell |
| 学位专业 | 材料工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 微生物燃料电池因其独特的能源环境效应而受到了科研人员的广泛关注。微生物燃料电池通过产电菌代谢废弃物中的有机物，并将代谢产生的电子传递到外电路输出电能。本论文通过阳极聚苯胺修饰来增加阳极的电子传递效率，同时设计了一种新型的阴极有机-金属催化剂来减小电池的构造成本，为微生物燃料电池的工业化应用提供实验基础。碳布阳极经过导电聚苯胺修饰后，微生物燃料燃料电池的最大功率输出、内阻和启动时间分别提升为2.66倍、降低了65.5%和缩短了33.3%，分别为5.16 W/m3、90 ?和4天。阳极经过聚苯胺修饰，其与产电菌的亲和性得到了很大提高，电极表面能够形成致密的生物膜；X射线光电子能谱显示聚苯胺在中性的电解液中保持着良好的导电性能；电化学分析结果显示聚苯胺修饰的碳布阳极在接种前后都表现出了很强的电化学活性，并且阳极的电荷传输阻力从清洁碳布阳极的125.7 ?降至了5.674 ?。实验结果证实了聚苯胺可以促进阳极的电子传递效率，增强微生物燃料电池的产电性能。为减小微生物燃料电池的构造成本，课题研究中合成了一种有机-过渡金属复合催化剂，并成功的应用到了微生物燃料电池体系中。使用新合成的复合催化剂的微生物燃料电池系统，电池的最大输出功率达到了10.17 W/m3，已然要优于使用铂碳催化剂的微生物燃料电池的最大输出功率（9.56 W/m3）。扫描电镜结果显示新合成的复合催化剂是由纳米小颗粒所组成的多孔性结构；红外光谱及X射线光电子能谱的结果显示该复合催化剂是由多环碳网组成，少于碳环数的氮原子通过C-N和C=N键嵌在碳网上，氮原子充当活性中心并通过弱化学键将过渡金属元素固定在碳网表面。研究结果表明，不管从功率输出还是从催化剂的生产成本方面考虑，新合成的有机-金属催化剂都将是铂碳催化剂的良好替代品。 |
| 英文摘要 | Due to the excellent environment-friendly effect, Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has drawn much attention in the recent ten years. The basic process for MFC is that microbes degrade the organic substrate in the anode chamber, and release electrons, which will be transferred to the cathode via external circuit to produce electricity, to the anode. In this thesis, we modified the carbon cloth anode by conductive polyaniline to enhance anodic electron transfer efficiency, and design a new type of organic-metal complex catalyst for cathodic reduction reaction to lower the cost of MFC. These works were aimed to promote the industrial applications of MFC. With carbon cloth anode modified by conductive polyaniline, the maximum power density, internal resistance and start-up time of MFC , which were 5.16 W/m3, 90 ? and 4 days respectively, were 2.66 times higher, 65.5% lower and 33.3.% shorter than those corresponding values of the MFC using fresh carbon cloth anode. Compact biofilm was formed on the surface of carbon cloth anode because of polyaniline modification. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results proved the conductivity of polyaniline was kept stable during MFC operation. In comparison with the fresh carbon cloth anode, the charge transfer resistance of the polyaniline modified anode was decreased greatly from 125.7 ? to 5.674 ?, indicating that the electrochemical activities of carbon cloth anode were also greatly enhanced by polyaniline modification. All the results proved conductive polyaniline modification could facilitate the electrons transfer between microbe and carbon cloth anode, and enhance the power generation of MFC. To lower the cost of MFC, a new type of organic-metal complex (PANI-Fe-C) was designed and applied in MFC systems. A maximum power density of 10.17 W/m3 for the MFC using PANI-Fe-C catalyst was obtained, which was slightly higher than that of the MFC using Pt/C catalyst (9.56 W/m3). The images obtained by scanning electron microscope showed that the structure of PANI-Fe-C was porous constructed by nano-particles. The results obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the chemical structure of PANI-Fe-C was that: multiple carbon rings network was the main skeleton; active cites, N atoms, were enchased in the networks by C-N and C=N bonds; transition metals were fixed on the surface of carbon rings network by weak bonds linking with N atoms. All the results proved that the organic-metal complex catalyst was an efficient alternative to the expensive Pt/C catalyst in consideration of both power generation and cost of catalyst. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-09-25 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1833]  |
| 专题 | 过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 赖斌. 光合微生物燃料电池产电性能优化及其应用[D]. 中国科学院研究生院. 2012. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：过程工程研究所
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