有机物包裹缓释肥料工艺与装置的研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王恩飞 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2012-05-22 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 导师 | 张小勇 |
| 关键词 | 包裹尿素 天然木粉 释放机理 肥料利用率 流态化 |
| 其他题名 | Study on Coating Technology and Devices of Controlled-Release Fertilizers |
| 学位专业 | 生物化工 |
| 中文摘要 | 缓/控释肥利用各种调控机制，使肥料养分释放规律与作物的养分吸收规律相匹配，能够减少肥料的损失，显著提高肥料的利用率，增加作物产量，符合低碳经济时代要求，是当今化肥研究的热点。目前包膜缓/控释肥料由于生产工艺复杂，成本高，存在某些包膜材料对环境不友好等方面的不足，难以在大田作物上广泛应用。为此，利用有效、廉价的天然材料来研制缓/控释肥料是新型肥料发展的趋势。 为探究木质纤维素类有机物在缓/控释肥上的应用效果，论文以木粉作为主要的包裹材料，探索了两种粘结剂碱木素和聚丙烯酰胺的包裹效果，以及石蜡和木粉混合包裹工艺。对不同包裹工艺进行探索后，得到最佳的包裹工艺后，制得3种天然木粉包裹控释尿素(CRU20、CRU25、CRU30)。采用静水浸泡法实验，研究了3种天然木粉包裹控释尿素在常温条件下的养分释放规律，以及不同温度、pH值和水肥比对控释尿素养分释放规律的影响，并通过盆栽试验考察包裹控释尿素在白菜上的肥效。流化床包裹工艺研究百部分，进行了工艺测初步的建立和各个参数的优化。研究结果表明: (1) 石蜡-木粉包裹控释尿素的缓释期随着包裹量的增大而变长，CRU20、CRU25、CRU30的理论缓释期分别为36d、54d，121d，不同的包裹量表现出不同的释放曲线模式。(2) 氮素释放速率受温度和pH值的影响较大，不同水肥比的差异不明显。(3) 石蜡-木粉包裹控释尿素释放机理为“崩溃”机制。(4)盆栽试验证明，等养分控释尿素处理(CRU1)能够促进白菜的生长，白菜产量（鲜重）和氮素利用率比普通尿素处理(CCU)分别提高17.7%、12.4%，差异显著(P<0.05)；与普通尿素处理(CCU)相比，氮肥减量10%处理(CRU2)和20%处理(CRU3)的白菜产量（鲜重）差异不显著；等养分控释尿素处理(CRU1)白菜的硝酸盐含量增加不显著，施肥处理间白菜的品质没有显著差异。包裹控释尿素能够与白菜的营养需求匹配，减少对根的伤害，提高肥料利用率。天然木粉包裹控释尿素具有很好的推广应用价值。（5）流化床技术能够用在木粉包裹工艺，还有需要进一步的改进。 |
| 英文摘要 | Slow/controlled release fertilizer can control nutrient release through various control mechanisms, matching crop nutrient absorption rule. It can reduce the loss of the fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, increase crop yield, according with a low carbon economy time request. At present, slow/controlled release fertilizer is the hot spot in the study of new type fertilizer. While the production process of coated slow/controlled release fertilizer is complex, it cost is high, and coat materials of some slow/controlled release fertilizers are unfriendly to the environment, hard to widely used in the crops. Therefore, using effective, developing cheap natural materials to produce slow/controlled release fertilizer is the trend of the development of the new fertilizers. In this paper, the nitrogen-release pattern of three kinds of controlled release urea coated with natural wood flour (CRU20, CRU25, CRU30) was examined by water-extraction method. The effects of temperature, pH and different water-fertilizer ratio on the nutrient release characteristics of controlled-release urea were studied. Pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of controlled release urea on the leaf chlorophyll content, yield, nutrient absorption, nitrogen utilization rate and quality indexes of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that: (1) Coated urea showed good slow releasing performance; The theoretical slow-release period of CRU20, CRU25, and CRU30 was 36d, 54d, and 121d respectively; The N-release model and changed with the amount of coat material. (2) Temperature and pH affected the nitrogen release rate greatly, while the impact of water-fertilizer ratio was not obvious. (3) The release pattern of coated urea was failure mechanism. (4) Pot experiment proved that, equal amount coated urea treatment (CRU1) promoted the Chinese cabbage’s growth, yield (fresh weight) and nitrogen utilization of urea increased by 17.7% and 12.4% respectively, compared with the common chemical urea treatment (CCU), and the statistic difference was significant (P<0.05). The reduction amount treatments of 10% and 20% (CRU2 and CRU3) had no significant difference with the common chemical urea treatment (CCU) in cabbage production (fresh weight). There was no significant difference between all the nitrogen treatments in the quality of Chinese cabbage. Coated urea could match with the nutritional needs of Chinese cabbage, and improve nitrogen use efficiency. Controlled release urea coated with natural wood flour good value for applications. (5) Fluidized bed process in a wood powder package process, and need to be further improved. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-09-25 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1846]  |
| 专题 | 过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王恩飞. 有机物包裹缓释肥料工艺与装置的研究[D]. 中国科学院研究生院. 2012. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：过程工程研究所
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