生物浸出镍铜硫化矿的工艺研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 陈泉军 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2000-06-22 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 导师 | 方兆珩 |
| 关键词 | 镍铜硫化矿 生物浸出 氧化亚铁硫杆菌 氧化硫硫杆菌 |
| 其他题名 | Study on Bioleaching of Nickel-Copper Sulfide Ore |
| 学位专业 | 分离科学与新材料 |
| 中文摘要 | 镍铜硫化矿是镍的主要来源，目前镍铜硫化矿的火法冶炼工艺只适合处理富矿，而且由于二氧化硫气体的排放，环境污染严重。为解决目前的问题，本论文进行了氧化亚铁硫杆菌和氧化硫硫杆菌浸出镍铜硫化矿的工艺研究。内容包括：浸出工艺条件实验；低品位镍铜钴硫化矿的不同浸出方式实验；浮选镍精矿的细菌浸出实验。通过浸出工艺条件实验，得出利用氧化亚铁硫杆菌（TF5）浸出硫化矿，pH值应严格控制在1.2-2.0；细菌的接种量应保持在10~8-10~9个细胞/克原矿；合适的矿浆浓度跟矿物的硫化物含量有关；加入适量氧化硫硫杆菌有利于浸矿的进行，以2:1的比例进行接种比1：1的浸出率最高；在温度为35℃的情况下镍和铜的浸出率最高；加入适量银离子可以提高铜的浸出，银离子加入量至少为0.6mg/g精矿；木质素磺酸钙在浓度较低时能促进细菌浸出硫化矿，但浓度较高（>0.1g/l）时则抑制细菌的生长和氧化能力。低品位镍铜硫化矿不同浸出方式实验包括了通气气搅实验、通气搅拦实验、柱式渗滤浸出实验，浸出情况最好的是通气搅拦实验，在25%矿浆浓度下，在浸出14天后镍浸出率可达80.2%，铜浸出率为45.2%，钴浸出率为78.4%。浮选镍精矿细菌浸出实验包括：a.细菌预浸+银催化两段浸出实验；b.银催化IBES(有效分离的间接细菌浸出)过程实验。前者在实验条件为：矿浆浓度为15%、细菌浸出15天、化学催化浸出部分浸出温度为70℃、pH值为1.2、银离子加入量为1.2mg Ag~+/g精矿、催化浸出8小时的情况下，镍浸出率为83.1%，铜浸出率为93.5%，钴浸出率为80.6%。后者在实验条件为：1%矿桨浓度、pH值为1.2、初步浸出温度80℃（浸出时间8h）、催化浸出温度70℃（浸出时间8h）、催化剂加入量为1.2mg Ag~+/g精矿、三价铁离子浓度12g/l的情况下，铜浸出率为93.1%，镍浸出率为56.3%，钴浸出率为47.5%。 |
| 英文摘要 | Ni-Cu sulfide ore is a major resource for nickel extraction. Traditional pyrometallurgical processes are suitable only to extract nickel from high-grade sulfide ores. Meanwhile, these processes produce SO_2 gas and severe environmental pollution. As an alternative process to the pyrometallurgical one, bioleaching was proposed. In this thesis, a bioleaching process for a low grade Ni-Cu complex sulfide ore and for a flotation concentrate is investigated and described, and it consists of: ● Shake flask experiments; ● Bioleaching of a low grade Ni-Cu-Co sulfide ore with aerated, agitated and aerated, as well as column leaching; ● Bioleaching of a mass flotation concentrate. From shake flask experiments, the results of investigation are summarized as follows: ● Initial inoculated bacteria of 10~8-10~9 cells/g ore, pH range from 1.2 to 2.0 and 35 ℃ are the favorable conditions for bioleaching of low Ni-Cu complex sulfide ores. ● Addition of some surfactant at a suitable level, for example, 0.1 mg/L calcium lignin sulfonate, can decrease the leaching time. ● The favorable pulp density depends on the sulfide quality and the initial inoculated bacteria number. ● Leaching with thiobacillus ferrooxidans and thiobacillus thiooxidans at a certain ratio, i.e. 2:1, is better than with single thiobacillus ferrooxidans. ● The leached copper in bioleaching is lower than the nickel, and can be improved with addition of dissolved silver salts (AgNO_3). Aerated leaching, agitated leaching with air bubbling, and column leaching were respectively tested for bioleaching of the low grade ore. The highest recovery was achieved in the agitated leaching with air bubbling. Leaching for 14 days with pulp density 25%, the extracted Ni, Cu and Co were respectively 80.2%, 45.2% and 78.4%. Bioleaching for the Ni-Cu concentrate was tested using two processes, i.e.: ● Bioleaching with blend of the adapted thiobacillus ferrooxidans and thiobacillus thiooxidans an followed by chemical leaching with addition of silver ions as catalyst. The leached Ni, Cu and Co are respectively 83.1%, 93.5% and 80.6% after bioleaching for 15 days and chemical leaching at 70 ℃ for 8h in 15% pulp density. ● Silver ions catalyzed IBES (Indirect bioleaching with effective separation). The leached Ni, Cu and Co are respectively 56.3%, 93.1% and 47.5%. After biooxidation, the separated chemical leaching was progressed with 12g/l Fe~(3+) at pH = 1.2 and 80 ℃ in 1% solid density for 8 h and followed by a catalyzed leaching with addition of 1.2 mg silver/g concentrate at 70 ℃ for 8 h. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-09-26 |
| 页码 | 70 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1936]  |
| 专题 | 过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 陈泉军. 生物浸出镍铜硫化矿的工艺研究[D]. 中国科学院研究生院. 2000. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：过程工程研究所
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