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First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Imaging of the Galactic Center Supermassive Black Hole

文献类型:期刊论文

作者Akiyama, Kazunori146,147,148; Alberdi, Antxon145; Alef, Walter144; Algaba, Juan Carlos143; Anantua, Richard141,142,146; Asada, Keiichi140; Azulay, Rebecca138,139,144; Bach, Uwe144; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin144; Ball, David137
刊名ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
出版日期2022-05-01
卷号930期号:2
ISSN号2041-8205
DOI10.3847/2041-8213/ac6429
产权排序第100完成单位
文献子类Article
英文摘要

We present the first event-horizon-scale images and spatiotemporal analysis of Sgr A* taken with the Event Horizon Telescope in 2017 April at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Imaging of Sgr A* has been conducted through surveys over a wide range of imaging assumptions using the classical CLEAN algorithm, regularized maximum likelihood methods, and a Bayesian posterior sampling method. Different prescriptions have been used to account for scattering effects by the interstellar medium toward the Galactic center. Mitigation of the rapid intraday variability that characterizes Sgr A* has been carried out through the addition of a variability noise budget in the observed visibilities, facilitating the reconstruction of static full-track images. Our static reconstructions of Sgr A* can be clustered into four representative morphologies that correspond to ring images with three different azimuthal brightness distributions and a small cluster that contains diverse nonring morphologies. Based on our extensive analysis of the effects of sparse (u, v)-coverage, source variability, and interstellar scattering, as well as studies of simulated visibility data, we conclude that the Event Horizon Telescope Sgr A* data show compelling evidence for an image that is dominated by a bright ring of emission with a ring diameter of similar to 50 mu as, consistent with the expected shadow of a 4 x 10(6) M (circle dot) black hole in the Galactic center located at a distance of 8 kpc.

学科主题天文学 ; 天体物理学 ; 高能天体物理学 ; 星系与宇宙学
URL标识查看原文
出版地TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
WOS关键词MAGNETIC-FIELD STRUCTURE ; SCATTER-BROADENED IMAGE ; VLBI OBSERVATIONS ; RADIO-SOURCE ; ASYMMETRIC STRUCTURE ; SCALE STRUCTURE ; INTRINSIC SIZE ; PROPER-MOTION ; LIGHT CURVES ; STAR S2
资助项目Academy of Finland[274477] ; Academy of Finland[284495] ; Academy of Finland[312496] ; Academy of Finland[315721] ; Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID), Chile[NCN19_058] ; Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID), Chile[Fondecyt 1221421] ; Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship ; ALMA North America Development Fund ; John Templeton Foundation ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation ; Chandra[DD718089X] ; Chandra[TM6-17006X] ; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[2020M671266] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[U0004-246083] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[U0004-259839] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[F0003-272050] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[M0037279006] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[F0003-281692] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[104497] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[275201] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[263356] ; Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad of the Junta de Andalucia[P18-FR-1769] ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas[2019AEP112] ; Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA-UNAM)[IN112417] ; Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA-UNAM)[IN112820] ; Dutch Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI award[639.043.513] ; Dutch National Supercomputer, Snellius (NWO Grant)[2021.013] ; Dutch National Supercomputer, Cartesius (NWO Grant)[2021.013] ; EACOA Fellowship - East Asia Core Observatories Association of the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics ; EACOA Fellowship - East Asia Core Observatories Association of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan ; EACOA Fellowship - East Asia Core Observatories Association of the Center for Astronomical MegaScience, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; EACOA Fellowship - East Asia Core Observatories Association of the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute ; European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant BlackHoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes[610058] ; European Union[730562] ; European Union[101018682] ; Generalitat Valenciana[APOSTD/2018/177] ; GenT Program[CIDEGENT/ 2018/021] ; MICINN[PID2019-108995GB-C22] ; European Research Council[884631] ; DFG[FR 4069/2-1] ; Simons Foundation ; Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)[JPMXP1020200109] ; Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) Scholarship ; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)[JP17J08829] ; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[QYZDJ-SSW-SLH057] ; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[QYZDJSSW-SYS008] ; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[ZDBS-LY-SLH011] ; Leverhulme Trust Early Career Research Fellowship ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18KK0090] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP21H01137] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP18H03721] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP18K13594] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18K03709] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP19K14761] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18H01245] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[25120007] ; Malaysian Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)[FRGS/1/2019/STG02/UM/02/6] ; MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) Funds ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[103-2119-M001-010-MY2] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[105-2112-M-001-025-MY3] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[105-2119-M-001042] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[106-2112-M-001-011] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[106-2119-M-001-013] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[106-2119-M001-027] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[106-2923-M-001-005] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[107-2119-M-001-017] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[107-2119M-001-020] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, Fermi Guest Investigator grant)[80NSSC20K1567] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant)[80NSSC20K0527] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, NASA NuSTAR award)[80NSSC20K0645] ; NASA Hubble Fellowship grant - Space Telescope Science Institute[HST-HF2-51431.001-A] ; NASA[NAS5-26555] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFA0400704] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2017YFA0402703] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFA0400702] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2017YFA0402700] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0096454] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0352953] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST0521233] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0705062] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0905844] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0922984] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST1126433] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1140030] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[DGE-1144085] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1207704] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST1207730] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1207752] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[MRI-1228509] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[OPP-1248097] ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) ; National Research Foundation of Korea[NRF-2015H1A2A1033752] ; National Research Foundation of Korea[NRF-2015H1D3A1066561] ; National Research Foundation of Korea[2019H1D3A1A01102564] ; National Research Foundation of Korea[2019R1F1A1059721] ; National Research Foundation of Korea[2021R1A6A3A01086420] ; National Research Foundation of Korea[2022R1C1C1005255] ; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA) Virtual Institute of Accretion (VIA) postdoctoral fellowships ; Swedish Research Council[2017-00648] ; Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development ; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science ; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion[PGC2018-098915-B-C21] ; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion[AYA2016-80889-P] ; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion[PID2019108995GB-C21] ; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion[PID2020-117404GB-C21] ; University of Pretoria ; Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Branch[JCYJ-SHFY-2021-013] ; State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa award[SEV-20170709] ; Spinoza Prize[SPI 78-409] ; South African Research Chairs Initiative, through the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO), National Research Foundation (NRF), an agency of the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) of South Africa[77948] ; National Nuclear Security Administration of the USDOE[89233218CNA000001] ; YCAA Prize Postdoctoral Fellowship ; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy[DE-AC05-00OR22725] ; Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance in China ; Smithsonian Institution ; Academia Sinica ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11873028] ; Science and Technologies Facility Council (UK) ; State of Arizona ; NSF ; National Science Foundation[OPP-1852617] ; National Science Foundation[OAC-1818253] ; Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago ; NSF[ACI-1548562] ; NSF[DBI-0735191] ; NSF[DBI-1265383] ; NSF[DBI-1743442] ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; Compute Ontario ; Calcul Quebec ; Compute Canada ; The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[109-2112-M-001-025] ; The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[109-2124-M-001005] ; The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[109-2923-M-001-001] ; The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[110-2112-M-003-007-MY2] ; The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[110- 2112-M-001-033] ; The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[110-2124-M-001-007] ; The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[110-2923-M-001001] ; 'Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan'[107-2119-M-001-041] ; 'Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan'[107-2119-M-110-005] ; 'Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan'[1072923-M-001-009] ; 'Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan'[108-2112-M-001-048] ; 'Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan'[108-2112-M-001-051] ; 'Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan'[108-2923-M-001-002] ; The National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST1310896] ; The National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1440254] ; The National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1555365] ; The National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1614868] ; The National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST1615796] ; The National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1715061] ; The National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1716327] ; The National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1716536] ; The National Science Foundation (NSF)[OISE1743747] ; The National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1816420] ; The National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1935980] ; The National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-2034306] ; [OCENW.KLEIN.113]
WOS研究方向Astronomy & Astrophysics
语种英语
出版者IOP Publishing Ltd
WOS记录号WOS:000800722200001
资助机构Academy of Finland[274477, 284495, 312496, 315721] ; Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID), Chile[NCN19_058, Fondecyt 1221421] ; Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship ; ALMA North America Development Fund ; John Templeton Foundation ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation ; Chandra[DD718089X, TM6-17006X] ; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[2020M671266] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[U0004-246083, U0004-259839, F0003-272050, M0037279006, F0003-281692, 104497, 275201, 263356] ; Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad of the Junta de Andalucia[P18-FR-1769] ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas[2019AEP112] ; Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA-UNAM)[IN112417, IN112820] ; Dutch Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI award[639.043.513] ; Dutch National Supercomputer, Snellius (NWO Grant)[2021.013] ; Dutch National Supercomputer, Cartesius (NWO Grant)[2021.013] ; EACOA Fellowship - East Asia Core Observatories Association of the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics ; EACOA Fellowship - East Asia Core Observatories Association of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan ; EACOA Fellowship - East Asia Core Observatories Association of the Center for Astronomical MegaScience, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; EACOA Fellowship - East Asia Core Observatories Association of the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute ; European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant BlackHoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes[610058] ; European Union[730562, 101018682] ; Generalitat Valenciana[APOSTD/2018/177] ; GenT Program[CIDEGENT/ 2018/021] ; MICINN[PID2019-108995GB-C22] ; European Research Council[884631] ; DFG[FR 4069/2-1] ; Simons Foundation ; Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)[JPMXP1020200109] ; Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) Scholarship ; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)[JP17J08829] ; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[QYZDJ-SSW-SLH057, QYZDJSSW-SYS008, ZDBS-LY-SLH011] ; Leverhulme Trust Early Career Research Fellowship ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18KK0090, JP21H01137, JP18H03721, JP18K13594, 18K03709, JP19K14761, 18H01245, 25120007] ; Malaysian Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)[FRGS/1/2019/STG02/UM/02/6] ; MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) Funds ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[103-2119-M001-010-MY2, 105-2112-M-001-025-MY3, 105-2119-M-001042, 106-2112-M-001-011, 106-2119-M-001-013, 106-2119-M001-027, 106-2923-M-001-005, 107-2119-M-001-017, 107-2119M-001-020] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, Fermi Guest Investigator grant)[80NSSC20K1567] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant)[80NSSC20K0527] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, NASA NuSTAR award)[80NSSC20K0645] ; NASA Hubble Fellowship grant - Space Telescope Science Institute[HST-HF2-51431.001-A] ; NASA[NAS5-26555] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFA0400704, 2017YFA0402703, 2016YFA0400702, 2017YFA0402700] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0096454, AST-0352953, AST0521233, AST-0705062, AST-0905844, AST-0922984, AST1126433, AST-1140030, DGE-1144085, AST-1207704, AST1207730, AST-1207752, MRI-1228509, OPP-1248097] ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) ; National Research Foundation of Korea[NRF-2015H1A2A1033752, NRF-2015H1D3A1066561, 2019H1D3A1A01102564, 2019R1F1A1059721, 2021R1A6A3A01086420, 2022R1C1C1005255] ; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA) Virtual Institute of Accretion (VIA) postdoctoral fellowships ; Swedish Research Council[2017-00648] ; Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development ; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science ; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion[PGC2018-098915-B-C21, AYA2016-80889-P, PID2019108995GB-C21, PID2020-117404GB-C21] ; University of Pretoria ; Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Branch[JCYJ-SHFY-2021-013] ; State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa award[SEV-20170709] ; Spinoza Prize[SPI 78-409] ; South African Research Chairs Initiative, through the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO), National Research Foundation (NRF), an agency of the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) of South Africa[77948] ; National Nuclear Security Administration of the USDOE[89233218CNA000001] ; YCAA Prize Postdoctoral Fellowship ; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy[DE-AC05-00OR22725] ; Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance in China ; Smithsonian Institution ; Academia Sinica ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11873028] ; Science and Technologies Facility Council (UK) ; State of Arizona ; NSF ; National Science Foundation[OPP-1852617, OAC-1818253] ; Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago ; NSF[ACI-1548562, DBI-0735191, DBI-1265383, DBI-1743442] ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; Compute Ontario ; Calcul Quebec ; Compute Canada ; The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[109-2112-M-001-025, 109-2124-M-001005, 109-2923-M-001-001, 110-2112-M-003-007-MY2, 110- 2112-M-001-033, 110-2124-M-001-007, 110-2923-M-001001] ; 'Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan'[107-2119-M-001-041, 107-2119-M-110-005, 1072923-M-001-009, 108-2112-M-001-048, 108-2112-M-001-051, 108-2923-M-001-002] ; The National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST1310896, AST-1440254, AST-1555365, AST-1614868, AST1615796, AST-1715061, AST-1716327, AST-1716536, OISE1743747, AST-1816420, AST-1935980, AST-2034306] ; [OCENW.KLEIN.113]
版本出版稿
源URL[http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/25209]  
专题星系类星体研究组
云南天文台_中国科学院天体结构与演化重点实验室
通讯作者Akiyama, Kazunori
作者单位1.Dipartimento di Fisica
2.EACOA Fellow;
3.Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504, USA
4.Astronomy Department, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China;
5.School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China;
6.Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK;
7.School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China;
8.Princeton Gravity Initiative, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;
9.Radboud Excellence Fellow of Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
10.Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Finland;
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Akiyama, Kazunori,Alberdi, Antxon,Alef, Walter,et al. First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Imaging of the Galactic Center Supermassive Black Hole[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS,2022,930(2).
APA Akiyama, Kazunori.,Alberdi, Antxon.,Alef, Walter.,Algaba, Juan Carlos.,Anantua, Richard.,...&Zhao, Shan-Shan.(2022).First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Imaging of the Galactic Center Supermassive Black Hole.ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS,930(2).
MLA Akiyama, Kazunori,et al."First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Imaging of the Galactic Center Supermassive Black Hole".ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS 930.2(2022).

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来源:云南天文台

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