Road safety issue is an urgent problem that needs to be addressed and has been a growing public health concern worldwide. Previous research has investigated the risk factors associated with dangerous driving behavior. So far, however, little research has explored the potential influence of social exclusion on dangerous driving behavior, and little is known about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The current study aims to empirically explore how and when social exclusion impacts dangerous driving behavior based on the Multimotive Model of social exclusion, and the effects of driving anger and cognitive reappraisal. A total of 240 Chinese drivers (Mean age = 26.07, SD = 7.68) completed anonymous questionnaires regarding social exclusion, driving anger, dangerous driving behavior, and cognitive reappraisal. The findings indicated that (1) social exclusion positively predicted dangerous driving behavior; (2) driving anger fully mediated this association; (3) cognitive reappraisal respectively moderated the effect of social exclusion on dangerous driving behavior and driving anger. When cognitive reappraisal was low, social exclusion had a stronger positive effect on dangerous driving behavior. These findings highlight the significance of identifying the mechanisms underlying the effect of social exclusion on driving behavior. Certain implications can be provided for promoting drivers’ safe driving behavior and reducing the negative effect of social exclusion.