The optimization of effort investment, which minimizes the cost of effort and maximizes benefits, is a core issue in every field. This study aims to review previous theoretical and empirical studies on analysis of effort value. Based on the Paradox of Effort theory, this study expounds on the two sides of effort: inherent cost and potential value. By extending the Expected Value of Control theory, we discussed the non-social and social factors that influence effort. Studies on the mechanisms of effort provide essential insights into understanding the adaptive effort in social life and provide references for treating motivational disorders, shaping learned industriousness and prosocial behavior.

优化努力的分配,最小化努力成本和最大化收益是各个领域的关键问题。本文梳理了基于努力的决策(effort-based decision-making)的理论与实证研究,讨论了努力的两面性：固有成本和潜在价值。通过拓展控制期望价值理论(Expected Value of Control, EVC),本研究探讨了影响努力的非社会与社会因素。探索人们何时以及如何付出努力的计算神经机制,有利于理解与促进社会互动中的努力行为,以及为干预精神疾病中动机缺失症状提供参考。

澳门科技发展基金(0127/2020/A3)