坚毅与创造力关系的发展：创造性心智模式的影响
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 包乃丽
|
| 答辩日期 | 2022 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 施建农 ; 张兴利 |
| 关键词 | 创造力 坚毅 创造性心智模式 发散性思维 瞳孔直径 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The development of the relationship between grit and creativity：the effect of the creativity mindset |
| 中文摘要 | Creative problem solving often encounters difficulties and setbacks. People with high creativity usually show great perseverance and are able to accomplish tasks in the face of obstacles and difficulties. Previous studies on grit and creativity have yielded inconsistent results, and less attention has been paid to the relationship between grit and creative problem solving. This paper uses three studies to investigate the development characteristics and mechanism of the relationship between grit and creativity, as well as the impact of creative mental models on the relationship between grit and creativity. In Study 1, a cross-sectional design was used to investigate the relationship between grit and creativity and the influence of creative mindsets in children, adolescents and adults. The results show that creativity increased with age: there are developmental differences between grit and creativity. Adults' grit significantly positively predict creativity in the last stage of creativity tasks, adolescents' grit significantly positively predict creativity, and children's grit and creativity have no significant correlation. In Study 2, a longitudinal study was used to track the children and adolescents in Study 1 at an interval of one year to investigate the relationship between grit and creativity, the dynamic effect of creative mindsets on grit and creativity. The results showed that the results of cross-lag analysis showed that the grit of T1 in the adolescent group could significantly and positively predict the creativity and growth mindsets of T2. The longitudinal mediating effect found that the grit of T2 in the adolescent group played a full mediating role between the growth mindset of T1 and the creativity of T2. The growth mindset had a positive impact on creativity by promoting the formation of grit. On the basis of Study 1, Study 3 investigated the mechanism of the relationship between grit and creativity. By manipulating the duration of creative tasks, it set two task conditions: 6 minutes and unlimited. According to the time course of the creative task, it is divided into different stages (blocks) with a length of 2 minutes. At the same time, eye movement technique was used to record the task-evoked pupillary response (TEPR) to reflect the individual cognitive resources in the task. To investigate the difference of cognitive resource input of adults with high and low grit in different stages of creative tasks. The results showed that the edge of grit dimension (trait grit) significantly positively predicted originality under open-ended task conditions and tepr under limited time conditions; Task duration (state grit) significantly positive predicted originality under unlimited time and edge significantly positive predicted originality under limited time. According to the scores of grit, the subjects were divided into high grit group and low grit group. The results showed that the fluency and originality of high gritgroup were significantly higher than that of low grit group. The TEPR and fluency of the high grit group were significantly higher than those of the low grit group. Based on the results of the three studies, we draw the following conclusions: the relationship between grit and creativity has stability and variability in development. The grit of adolescents can significantly predict creativity, adults, grit can significantly predict the creativity in long-term tasks. The growth midsets helps to develop grit and positively affects creativity by promoting the improvement of perseverance; high grit individuals distribute more cognitive resources to obtain better creativity performance. |
| 英文摘要 | 创造性问题解决过程往往充满困难和挫折，高创造力的人通常表现出坚毅的人格特质，在面对障碍、困境时仍能够坚持完成任务。以往对于坚毅和创造力的研究结果并不一致，且较少关注坚毅与创造性问题解决的关系。本论文采用三项研究考察坚毅和创造力关系的发展特点和作用机制，以及创造性心智模式对坚毅和创造力关系的影响。 研究一采用横断研究，通过测验法考察儿童、青少年和成人被试中坚毅和创造力的关系及创造性心智模式的影响。结果发现，创造力表现出随年龄增长的趋势。坚毅与创造力的关系存在年龄差异：青少年的坚毅努力正向预测创造力，成人的坚毅努力正向预测创造力任务后期的创造力，儿童的坚毅努力与创造力的相关不显著。 研究二采用纵向研究，以间隔一年的时长追踪研究一的儿童和青少年被试，深入考察坚毅和创造力的关系，创造性心智模式对坚毅和创造力关系的影响。结果发现，儿童组和青少年组 T1 的成长型心智模式与 T2 的坚毅努力显著正相关且青少年组 T1 的坚毅努力与 T2 的创造力显著正相关；交叉滞后分析发现儿童组中 T1 的心智模式正向预测 T2 的坚毅和边缘正向预测 T2 的创造力，青少年组中 T1 的坚毅正向预测 T2 的成长型心智模式和 T2 的创造力；青少年 T2 的坚毅努力在 T1 的成长型心智模式和 T2 的创造力之间起完全中介作用，表明成长型心智模式通过促进坚毅的发展从而对创造力产生积极影响。 研究三在研究一的基础上，考察坚毅与创造力的关系的作用机制，通过操控创造性任务时长设置限时 6 分钟和不限时间两种任务条件。并按照创造力任务的时间进程以 2 分钟的长度平均划分成不同阶段（Block）。同时使用眼动技术记录瞳孔直径扩张(task-evoked pupillary response,TEPR)，以反映任务中个体认知资源的调用。考察高低坚毅特质成人在创造性任务不同阶段的认知资源投入程度的差异。结果发现，坚毅努力（特质性坚毅）边缘正向预测不限时条件下的新颖性和限时条件下的 TEPR；任务用时（状态性坚毅）正向预测不限时条件下的新颖性以及边缘显著正向预测限时条件下的新颖性。根据坚毅努力维度得分，将被试分为高努力组和低努力组，结果发现高努力组在不限时条件的流畅性和新颖性显著高于低努力组。高努力组在限时任务条件下的 TEPR 和流畅性显著高于低努力组。 基于三项研究结果，本论文得出如下结论：坚毅和创造力的关系存在一定的发展性和波动性，青少年群体的坚毅正向预测创造力，成人的坚毅正向预测任务后期和长时程任务的创造力。成长型心智模式有助于坚毅品格形成，并通过促进坚毅的发展从而积极影响创造力；高坚毅个体在创造性任务中投入更多认知资源同时创造力表现更好。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/43114]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 包乃丽. 坚毅与创造力关系的发展：创造性心智模式的影响[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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