蒙古文阅读中的知觉广度与视觉注意分布特征
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 包亚倩 |
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 李兴珊 |
| 关键词 | 蒙古文阅读 知觉广度 视觉注意 移动窗口范式 视觉拥挤效应 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 基础心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Perceptual SDan and Visual Attention DeDlovment During Mongolian Reading |
| 中文摘要 | Reading is the most important way for human beings to acquire knowledge. Different writing systems vary regarding their reading directions. Most writingsystems such as English and Chinese are read from left to right within a line of text, but some writing systems such as Arabic and Hebrew are written from right to left, and other writing systems such as Mongolian are written from top to bottom. Readers of these different writing systems need to use different reading mechanisms to adapt to their writing systems with different directions. Previous reading studies mainly investigated the reading mechanisms of horizontally written languages. Therefore, very little is known about the reading mechanisms of vertically writing languages. To understand how reading direction affects reading mechanisms such as visual attention deployment, perceptual span, and visual crowding effect, we conducted the present study using a rare vertically written script Mongolian. In Study 1，two eye-tracking experiments were conducted to investigate the perceptual span and visual attention deployment when reading Mongolian. In Experiment 1，we adopted the gaze-contingent moving-window paradigm to measure the size of the perceptual span during the reading of Mongolian sentences. The results showed that the perceptual span during Mongolian reading is asymmetry downwards, extending 1 syllable above the fixation and 2 syllables below the fixation. Experiment 2 investigated the deployment of visual attention and the relationship between covert visual attention and the perceptual span. Results showed that RTs were generally shorter when the probes were presented within perceptual span than when they were presented outside perceptual span. These results provide direct evidence to the attention-biased hypothesis, which assumes that readers allocate more attention to upcoming novel information, leading to an increased perceptual span in the reading direction. Study 2 investigated whether the effect of reading direction on visual attention is reading task-specific or is a general phenomenon that can be extended to other visual processing tasks. Specifically, we investigated whether the experience of vertical reading affects the horizontal-vertical asymmetry of the visual crowding effect. To do so, we compared experienced Mongolian readers' performance on identifying target stimuli in horizontally or vertically arranged stimulus strings. Results showed that the crowding effect was greater for horizontally arranged stimulus strings than that for the vertically arranged stimulus strings. These effects are similar to the results of the readers of horizontally writing texts such as English and Chinese. These results suggest that reading experience may not be the main cause of the horizontal-vertical asymmetry of the visual crowding effect. In summary, the results of Study 1 clearly showed that the perceptual span in Mongolian reading is asymmetry toward the reading direction. consistent with the prediction of the attention-based hypothesis Interestingly, of perceptual span asymmetry, the results of the current study showed that more attention is deployed within the perceptual span than outside perceptual span. These results provide direct evidence to the attention-biased hypothesis. In contrast, the results of Study 2 showed that reading direction does not affect the horizontal-vertical asymmetry of another visual processing phenomenon such as crowding. The results of the present studies are important to understand how reading direction affects visual perception during reading and other visual processing tasks. These findings from Mongolian, a rare and special script that is written from top to bottom, will contribute to our understanding of the general and script-specific mechanisms of reading in different writing systems. |
| 英文摘要 | 阅读是人类获取知识最重要的途径，通过阅读我们可以学习新知识开拓新视野。不同书写系统的阅读方向具有不同的特征。英文、中文等书写系统在一行中从左到右进行阅读;希伯来文、阿拉伯文、维吾尔文等从右向左进行阅读，而蒙古文是为数不多的从上到下阅读的书写系统。为适应不同书写系统的阅读方向，读者需要采用不同的认知机制进行阅读。但是目前为止我们对阅读的眼动特征和认知加工机制的研究工作都是在水平阅读方向上开展的，由于垂直阅读方向书写系统的稀缺性，对垂直方向的眼动特征及认知加工机制的了解甚少。 本研究利用蒙古文从上到下竖写的特征，利用眼动追踪技术考察由垂直阅读方向导致的阅读加工中一些特异性的认知机制。在研究一中，采用经典的移动窗口范式对蒙古文阅读中的知觉广度进行测量。通过比较不同窗口条件与正常阅读条件下的阅读速度，我们发现蒙古文阅读中的知觉广度大小为注视点上方1个音节所对应的文本，下方2个音节所对应的文本。与其他书写系统的研究发现一致，蒙古文阅读的知觉广度沿阅读方向呈现不对称特性，注视点下方范围大于注视点上方。为了进一步探究知觉广度不对称特性的成因，将边界范式与测量视觉注意的刺激探测任务结合到自然阅读任务中，考察了蒙古文阅读过程中的视觉注意分布特征。结果发现，视觉注意分布同样呈现不对称特性，研究结果支持注意偏好假说，即阅读方向引起的视觉注意分布不对称是导致知觉广度不对称的重要原因。 在此基础上，研究二继续关注阅读方向对视觉注意的影响是阅读任务所特异的还是会延伸至其他一般性视觉加工任务当中。利用蒙古文读者在垂直阅读方向积累的大量阅读经验，比较蒙古文读者在水平排列或垂直排列的刺激串中识别目标刺激的表现，从而考察垂直阅读经验对于视觉拥挤效应的水平一垂直不对称的影响。结果发现，蒙古文读者在垂直排列的刺激串中识别目标刺激的正确率显著高于水平排列时的识别正确率。蒙古文读者所表现的视觉拥挤效应水平一垂直不对称的特性与其他水平阅读方向的母语者模式相同，因此阅读经验可能不是导致视觉空间拥挤效应水平一垂直不对称特性的主要原因。 本论文的两个研究结果表明:阅读方向会引起读者的注意偏向改变，并导致知觉广度呈现不对称特性，而这种阅读经验并没有引起视觉拥挤效应在水平-垂直方向的差异。这些研究结果对理解阅读方向如何影响人们的视觉认知具有重要的理论价值。针对蒙古文阅读展开的研究对于总结不同书写系统之间阅读机制的普遍性与特异性提供了独特的视角。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/43115]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 包亚倩. 蒙古文阅读中的知觉广度与视觉注意分布特征[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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