高低诚实人格个体在欺骗任务中的直觉反应差异
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 苏梦
|
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 施建农 ; 张真 |
| 关键词 | 欺骗行为 诚实人格特质 直觉反应 认知负荷 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Differences in intuitive responses of high and low honest individuals in a deception task |
| 中文摘要 | Deception is a common unethical behavior, and researchers debate whether individuals' intuitive responses in deception tasks are deception or honesty. In the past, some studies have proved that the individual's intuitive response is deception, and some studies have proved that it is honesty, but the latest moral default hypothesis points out that individuals' intuitive responses in cheating tasks vary, with some individuals having an intuitive response to cheating and others having intuitive responses to honesty, this difference may be related to the honesty personality trait. Honesty-Humility and implicit honesty personality are two potential factors that affect the types of intuitive responses, but whether these two honesty personalities are stably linked to individual cheating behavior and whether they are related to differences in intuitive responses in deception tasks have not been tested. Accordingly, the present study investigated the relationship between Honesty-Humility, implicit honesty personality and individual cheating behavior and intuitive responses in deception tasks through two sub-studies. In this study, non-psychology undergraduates and postgraduates were recruited as study subjects, with an average age of 23.77 years (SD=2.29). Study 1 explored the relationship between Honesty-Humility, implicit honesty personality and cheating behavior under the condition of no cognitive load manipulation, and based on the reaction time index, the difference of intuitive response of high and low honesty personality in deception task was measured. Some inferences have been made. The results of study 1 showed: (1) There is no significant correlation between the individual's Honesty-Humility and implicit honesty personality and the individual's cheating behavior, but the high Honesty-Humility individuals were more sensitive to changes in reward magnitude, and they were more reluctant to cheat for high reward. The behaviors of individuals with low Honesty-Humility under different reward levels showed no significant difference. (2) From the perspective of response time, the response time of deception of individuals with low Honesty-Humility is significantly shorter than that of honesty, while individuals with high Honesty-Humility do not show a stable and consistent response time difference pattern. There is no significant difference between deception and honest response time of individuals with high and low implicit honesty personality. The above results show that individuals with low honesty and modesty personality may have an intuitive response to deception. Study 2 manipulated the cognitive processing mode of individuals by applying cognitive load, and on this basis, the differences in intuitive responses of high and low honest individuals in deception tasks were analyzed. Direct inspection was carried out. Study 2 also found that there was no significant correlation between individuals' Honesty-Humility and implicit honesty and deceit, but Study 2 found that individuals with low Honesty-Humility exhibited an intuitive response to cheat under the condition of high deception (that is, when the difference between lies and facts was greater), that is, under this condition, their cognitive resources were reduced due to high cognitive load. Were more dishonest when depleted than they did in low cognitive load conditions, but cognitive processing patterns did not affect individuals with high Honesty-Humility, who did not exhibit a distinct type of intuitive response. This may be because the behavior of individuals with high Honesty-Humility is more stable and less susceptible to cognitive manipulation. Although not statistically significant, individuals with high and low implicitly honest personalities tended to exhibit the same pattern of outcomes. The results of the two studies partially support the moral default hypothesis, proving that individuals with low honesty personality have an intuitive response to cheat, it also shows that the individual's intuitive response in the deception task is affected by the situational factor of deception degree, and the influence of cognitive processing mode on the individual's deception behavior has certain individual and situation specificity. To sum up, this study comprehensively explores the relationship between honesty-modesty personality, implicit honesty personality, individual cheating behavior and intuitive response in cheating tasks. The results of this study enrich the hypothesis of moral default value in the theoretical level, and can be used for reference in shaping individual honest behavior in the application level. |
| 英文摘要 | 欺骗行为是一种常见的不道德行为，研究者们对于个体在欺骗任务中的直觉反应是欺骗还是诚实存在争议。以往有部分研究证明个体的直觉反应是欺骗，还有部分研究证明是诚实，但最新的道德默认值假说指出欺骗任务中的直觉反应存在个体差异，有些个体具有欺骗的直觉反应，而另一些个体则具有诚实的直觉反应，这种差异可能与诚实人格特质的个体差异有关。外显诚实-谦虚人格（以下简称诚实-谦虚人格）、内隐诚实人格是两种潜在的影响欺骗任务中直觉反应类型的人格特质，但这两种诚实人格与个体欺骗行为是否稳定相关以及是否与欺骗任务中直觉反应的差异有关均尚未得到研究检验。据此，本研究通过两项子研究对诚实-谦虚人格、内隐诚实人格与个体欺骗行为以及与欺骗任务中直觉反应之间的关系进行了探究。本研究选取了非心理学专业的大学生和研究生作为研究对象，平均年龄为 23.77 岁（SD = 2.29）。研究一在无认知负荷操纵的条件下对诚实-谦虚人格、内隐诚实人格与欺骗行为之间的关系进行了考察，并根据反应时指标对高低诚实人格个体在欺骗任务中的直觉反应差异进行了初步推断。研究一发现：(1)个体的诚实-谦虚人格和内隐诚实人格与个体的欺骗行为均不存在显著相关，但高诚实-谦虚人格个体对奖励信息的变化更敏感，他们更不愿意为了高奖励而欺骗，低诚实-谦虚人格个体在不同奖励水平下的行为则未表现出显著差异。(2)从反应时上来看，低诚实-谦虚人格个体欺骗的反应时显著短于诚实，高诚实-谦虚人格个体则未表现出稳定一致的反应时差异模式，高低内隐诚实人格个体的欺骗与诚实反应时均不存在显著差异，上述结果表明低诚实-谦虚人格个体可能具有欺骗的直觉反应。研究二采用施加认知负荷的方式对个体的认知加工模式进行了操纵，在此基础上对高低诚实人格个体在欺骗任务中的直觉反应差异进行了直接检验。研究二同样发现个体的诚实-谦虚人格和内隐诚实人格与个体的欺骗行为均不存在显著相关，但研究二发现低诚实-谦虚人格个体在高欺骗程度条件下（即谎言和事实差异更大时）表现出了欺骗的直觉反应，也就是该条件下他们在认知资源因高认知负荷而受到损耗时会比他们在低认知负荷条件下表现得更不诚实，但认知加工模式并未对高诚实-谦虚人格个体产生影响，他们未表现出明显的直觉反应类型，这可能是因为高诚实-谦虚人格个体的行为更加稳定，更不容易受到认知操纵的影响，另外，尽管统计上未达到显著，但高低内隐诚实人格个体也有倾向表现出同样的结果模式。两项研究的结果部分支持了道德默认值假设，证明低诚实-谦虚人格个体具有欺骗的直觉反应，同时也说明个体在欺骗任务中的直觉反应会受到欺骗程度这一情境因素的影响，认知加工模式对个体欺骗行为的影响存在一定的个体特异性和情境特异性。 综上，本研究对诚实-谦虚人格、内隐诚实人格与个体欺骗行为以及欺骗任务中直觉反应之间的关系进行了综合探究，本研究的结果在理论层面丰富了道德默认值假说，在应用层面对塑造个体诚实行为有一定的借鉴。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/43132]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 苏梦. 高低诚实人格个体在欺骗任务中的直觉反应差异[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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