音乐节拍结构对音乐紧张感的影响
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 吴琼 |
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 杨玉芳 |
| 关键词 | 音乐紧张感 节拍结构 节拍层级 时间期待 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 基础心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The Effects of Musical Metrical Structure on Musical Tension |
| 中文摘要 | Musical tension is the core mechanism for the musical emotion generation and musical meaning processing. Empirical researches show that the dynamic experience of musical tension is largely affected by musical structures, such as pitch structure, temporal structure, and event structure. During the music listening, listeners generate future-oriented music expectations based on the existing music structure and prior knowledge. The formation, maintenance, or violation of expectations is accompanied by the dynamic tension experience. However, in previous studies more attention was devoted to the effect of pitch structure on musical tension, but less to the effect of temporal structure. In addition, most studies adopted the prediction violation paradigm, and few studies examined the tension experience during the maintenance of expectation. This dissertation explored the effect of temporal structure on musical tension and the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms, specifically investigated the role of the maintenance and violation of metrical expectations in the musical tension induction through manipulations of metrical structures. Two experiments were conducted using behavioral and electrophysiological methods. Experiment 1 explored the expectancy-tension induced by three basic metrical structures and underlying neurocognitive mechanisms. Behavioral results and neural oscillatory analyses show that: for the whole metrical sequences, tension score and delta-band neural entrainment are significantly different among three meter sequences, the shorter the time interval between strong beats, the higher the overall tension, and stronger the steady-state evoked responses, which were considered to reflect the degree of temporal expectations; within the measures, the beats on different levels of metrical hierarchy induced dynamic tension fluctuations, and the beat-induced tension shows the similar dynamic patterns as those of alpha-and beta-band oscillations, suggesting that hierarchical temporal expectation and dynamic attention may be involved in tension generation. Under the framework of predictive coding theory, Experiment 2 examined how denial-tension could be changed by metrical structural shifts. The results of behavioral, ERP and time-frequency analyses show that:, the variation in the temporal interval between strong beats could elicit dynamic tension fluctuations, shortening of the interval would lead to the increase of tension significantly, while lengthening would result in slightly decreased tension; the meter shifts elicited N5 components also the increase of delta-band and the decrease of theta-, alpha-and beta-band, which represent the expectation violation elicited by the variation of temporal interval of strong beats, and the subsequent restructuring and integration of expectation, the concentrating of attention. Further, the expectation violation in different degrees could in turn mediate the effects of strong beats interval variation. Taken together, it is speculated that the effects of metershifts on tension could be determined by expectation violations and preceding contexts. |
| 英文摘要 | 音乐紧张感是音乐情绪体验的核心，也是引发音乐意义的前提。实证研究表明，音乐紧张感的动态体验主要受到音乐结构因素的影响，如音乐音高结构、时间结构、事件结构等。听者在聆听音乐的过程中会基于当前的音乐结构和先验知识，产生未来导向的音乐期待，期待的形成、保持或违反均伴随音乐紧张感的动态体验。紧张感的期待理论指出，音乐期待是音乐结构影响紧张感的核心认知机制。在以往研究中，多关注音高结构对音乐紧张感的影响，缺乏对音乐时间结构的关注。此外，过往的实证研究通常采用期待违反范式，仅关注期待违反对紧张感的影响，鲜有研究考察在期待的正常保持过程中的紧张感体验。基于此，本研究重点关注音乐时间结构对音乐紧张感的影响及其认知神经机制，考察节拍时间期待的保持和违反在节拍结构在紧张感生成中所起的作用。 当前研究通过两个实验，采用行为和电生理方法来探讨上述问题。实验一探究三种基本的节拍结构对期待-紧张感的影响，并考察背后的认知神经机制。行为和神经振荡的分析结果表明：在整体水平上，不同节拍序列会引发不同水平的整体紧张感和 delta 频段的神经夹带，强拍间隔越短，整体紧张感越高，相应地神经夹带强度也更大，神经夹带的强度被认为反映了时间期待的稳定性；在小节内部，不同节拍层级的拍子诱发了不同程度的紧张感，强拍引发的紧张感显著高于弱拍和次强拍，并且拍子紧张感与 alpha 和 beta 频段的神经振荡活 动呈现一致的动态波动模式，反映时间期待和注意的认知过程参与了紧张感的生成。该实验结果表明节拍结构对音乐紧张感的影响具有层级性和动态性。 实验二在实验一的基础上进行了拓展研究，在预期编码理论的框架下，考察节拍结构的转变对拒绝-紧张感的影响。行为结果表明，节拍转变过程中的强拍间隔变化可能会影响紧张感的升降趋势，间隔缩短会引发紧张感出现上升趋势，而间隔增长会引发紧张感出现下降趋势；脑电数据显示，节拍转变诱发了连续的 N5 成分、delta 频段的能量升高，以及 theta、alpha 和 beta 频段的能量降低，反映了由强拍间隔变化引发的不同程度的期待违反知觉，以及随后产生的信息整合、期待模型更新重建和注意资源消耗等知觉过程。进一步地，期待违反知觉可能反过来调节了强拍间隔变化的效应。该实验结果表明强拍间隔变化、期待知觉和先前语境等因素共同决定了节拍转变对紧张感的动态影响。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/43138]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 吴琼. 音乐节拍结构对音乐紧张感的影响[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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