结构性与功能性动作表征跨物体的相互作用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 张子健
|
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 刘烨 |
| 关键词 | 物体识别 动作表征 启动范式 动力学特征 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 基础心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The Interaction Between Structural and Functional Action Representations Across Objects |
| 中文摘要 | The specific knowledge of manipulating objects, i.e., action representation of manipulable objects plays an important role in the process of object recognition. According to whether the aim of manipulation is to grasp or use the object, the action representations could be divided into structural action representation and functional action representation. Many empirical studies showed that the activation of structural and functional action representations is separated and they play different roles in the process of object recognition based on behavioral and physiological evidences. Recently, many studies have found that there is an interaction between structural action representation and functional action representation during object manipulation, but the mechanism beneath the interaction in the same action sequence remains unclear. Whether the structural (or functional) action representation activated in advance will facilitate (or inhibit) the subsequent using (or grasping) action, and whether the two action representations are equal during object recognition, including whether the action representations could migrate different objects, these questions need to be further explored. This thesis systematically examines these questions through two studies. Study 1 included the evaluation of experimental materials and two behavior experiments using the variation of priming paradigm to explore the influence between the two action representations; At the same time, by strictly controlling the relationship between different objects and the same representation, the cross-object interaction between structural action representation and functional action representation was investigated. In study 1, we found that pre activated action representations could promote the subsequent grasping or using actions of the same object, and similar priming also exists in different objects with the same action representation. In Study 2, based on Study 1, motion capture technology was used to verify the stability of the results of Study 1 in multiple variables and dimensions. Also, by canceling the guidance of delayed response, subjects are required to make instant manipulation actions on the target object in order to explore the interaction between two action representations and the difference between object recognition stage and action execution stage. The results showed that the interaction between two action representations mainly occurred in the object recognition stage. The peak velocity, peak grip aperture, movement time and other kinematic data in the movement stage had no significant difference under different switching conditions. In this paper, we found that structural and functional action representations can promote each other in the process of object recognition, and this promotion can occur not only within the same object, but also between different objects with the same action representation. This kind of promotion manifests in the object recognition processing stage, but does not appear in the action planning and execution stage. This paper argues that structural action representation and functional action representation have similar functions in object recognition and processing. They not only compete, but also promote. Furthermore, structural action representation can also promote grasping action performance, which suggests that object recognition and manipulation are not dominated by a single representation, but by two different but interrelated knowledge representations with similar characteristics. This representation of knowledge can be shared by different objects, rather than unique information based on object identity. |
| 英文摘要 | 使用与操作物体的知识表征，即动作表征，在可操作物体识别过程中起到 着重要的作用。根据对可操作物体的操作目的是抓握还是使用，可以将动作表 征分为结构性动作表征和功能性动作表征。大量实证研究表明，在物体识别和 加工过程中，结构性动作表征与功能性动作表征的激活在行为表现和生理基础 上都出现了分离，且在物体识别过程中起到了不同的作用。近期，许多研究发 现结构性动作表征与功能性动作表征在物体操作过程中存在着相互作用与影 响，但两者在同一动作序列中的作用机理尚不明确；先行激活的结构性（或功 能性）动作表征是否会促进（或抑制）后续的使用（或抓握）动作，以及两种 动作表征在物体识别过程中是否具有相同的地位，包括不同物体的动作表征是 否可以相互激活，这些问题都有待进一步的探索。 本文通过两个研究，系统地考察以上这些问题。研究 1 包括实验材料的评 定及两个行为实验，采用启动范式的变式探究两种动作表征之间的影响；同时 通过严格控制不同物体与相同表征的关系，考察结构性动作表征与功能性动作 表征跨物体上的相互作用；研究 1 发现先行激活的动作表征可以促进后续对同 一物体的抓握或使用动作，而且在具有相同动作表征的不同物体上也存在相似 的启动。研究 2 则在研究 1 的基础上，采用动作捕捉技术，多变量、多维度地 验证研究 1 结果的稳定性，同时通过取消延时反应的指导语，要求被试对目标 物体做出即时操作动作，探讨物体识别中动作表征的激活和动作执行阶段的反 应区别；结果发现动作表征间的相互作用主要发生在对物体的识别与加工阶 段，运动阶段的最大峰值速度、拇指食指距离、运动时间等动力学数据在不同 切换条件下均无显著差异。 本文发现，结构性动作表征与功能性动作表征可以在物体识别过程中相互 促进，而且这种促进不仅可以发生在同一物体内，也可以发生在具有相同动作 表征的不同物体间。这种促进具体表现在对物体的识别加工阶段，而在动作的 计划与执行阶段没有显现。本文认为，结构性动作表征与功能性动作表征在物体的识别与加工过程中也存在着相似的功能，两者之间不仅仅存在竞争，也可 以产生促进；而且结构性动作表征也可以促进抓握动作的执行，这说明物体识 别与操作并不是由单个表征主导，而是由两个具有相似特性的不同而又相互联 系的知识表征共同作用。而且这种知识表征可以被不同的物体所共享，而不是 基于物体身份的独特信息。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/43143]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张子健. 结构性与功能性动作表征跨物体的相互作用[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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