无意识的面孔情绪情境效应
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 陈玉洁
|
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 王莹 ; 蒋毅 |
| 关键词 | 视觉意识 面孔情绪 情境效应 特质焦虑 恐惧 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 认知神经科学 |
| 其他题名 | Nonconscious Contextual Effect in Emotional Face Processing |
| 中文摘要 | Accurately interpreting others’ facial emotions is of particular importance for human beings. Growing evidence has indicated that facial emotion recognition is inherently contextualized and may automatically incorporate affective information from the context. Existing research mainly concentrated on how contextual information modulates emotion perception at the conscious level; however, exploring whether and how this contextual effect can occur at the nonconscious level from multiple perspectives will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism for emotional information integration. In the following four studies, we systematically investigated the cognitive and neural mechanisms of the nonconscious affective contextual effect. In study 1, we investigated whether the affective contextual effect can occur in the absence of visual awareness and addressed the similarities and differences between nonconscious and conscious affective contextual effects. We found that the perceived emotion of a visible target face was biased toward the expression of the concurrently presented invisible contextual face. More importantly, the fearful contexts biased perception only in the invisible condition, whereas the happy face contexts influenced perception regardless of whether or not observers were aware of the contexts. These results altogether indicate that the affective contextual effect can occur out of awareness and the influence of fearful face contexts was restricted to the nonconscious level. In Study 2, we introduced a social cue (i.e., eye gaze direction) and included the trait anxiety of the participant, further exploring the specificity of nonconscious affective contextual effect in a compound social scene. At the nonconscious level, we found that the nonconscious affective contextual modulation depends on the gaze direction of the target face. Particularly, a target face gazing toward a contextual face induced a larger affective contextual effect than a face gazing away. Furthermore, this gaze modulation effect specifically occurred for invisible fearful but not happy contexts and hinged on individual trait anxiety levels. At the conscious level, the affective contextual effect was not modulated by the direction of gaze. Collectively, these results demonstrated that social information delivered by gaze cues can modulate the affective contextual effect without awareness in a fear- and anxiety- specific manner. In Study 3, by using the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique, we further examined the nonconscious affective contextual effect in a compound social scene at the neural level. Given the specific results found in Study 2, we only focused on the fearful affective contextual effect induced by individuals with high trait anxiety. We found that the amygdala is involved in the gaze-mediated nonconscious affective contextual effect in a social scene. Specifically, the fearful affective contexts induced a stronger response to the right amygdala relative to the neutral contexts, and this effect was mediated by the gaze direction of the target face ( gaze toward versus gaze away from context). These findings suggest that the amygdala may be the core brain area responsible for the automatic integration of emotional and social information in individuals with high trait anxiety. In study 4, we examined the affective contextual effect when the target and the contextual faces were totally suppressed from awareness. Taking advantage of the “pop- out” phenomenon in the visual search paradigm, we examined this effect from a functional (i.e., attention capture) perspective. In addition, this study also examined the impact of trait anxiety. Behavioral results found that the invisible fearful face popped out of the neutral contextual faces and speeded up target detection at the pop-out location, yielding faster responses in the pop-out condition relative to the non-pop-out condition. Crucially, such influence was only observed in the high trait anxiety individuals. Invisible happy faces did not exhibit the same salience effect as fearful faces. Evidence from eye movements confirmed the behavioral results and further revealed that the pop-out effect which is specific to high-trait anxiety and fearful faces can occur when the target and contexts were completely invisible. This study showed that the invisible contextual faces can affect the attention to the invisible target face, and this kind of affective contextual effect was specific to fear and high trait anxiety. In summary, the current findings provide compelling evidence for the automaticity of the affective contextual effect and shed light on the specific mechanism for the nonconscious integration of socio-affective information from the behavioral and neurological levels. |
| 英文摘要 | 准确识别他人的面部情绪对于人类的生存发展有着重要的意义。越来越多的研究证据表明对面部表情的识别是情境化的，可能依赖于对面孔及情境中包含的情绪信息的自动整合。此类研究主要集中在意识水平的情绪情境对目标面孔情绪知觉的影响上，而本文通过四个研究，从情绪知觉和认知功能的角度，对无意识水平下面孔情绪情境效应发生的可能性、影响因素及其神经机制进行了系统的探讨。 研究一考察了情绪情境效应是否可以在无意识水平发生，且比较了意识下和意识上情绪情境效应的异同。我们发现，意识下的面孔情绪情境可以改变人们对意识上的目标面孔情绪的感知分类。其中，恐惧面孔情境对目标面孔情绪知觉的调节只在情境信息处于无意识水平时发生，而快乐面孔诱发的情绪情境效应则不受意识水平的调节。该研究结果表明，面孔情绪情境效应可以在无意识水平发生，并且存在特异于无意识情绪信息加工的恐惧面孔情境效应。 研究二引入眼睛注视方向这一社会性线索并将个体的特质焦虑水平纳入考察，探讨社会性场景下的面孔情绪情境效应的特异性加工机制。我们发现，在无意识水平，眼睛注视方向（朝向情境比背离情境）可以调节恐惧情境下的面孔情绪情境效应，且该效应只发生在高特质焦虑个体中；在快乐情境下，不存在该效应。在意识水平，面孔情绪情境效应不受眼睛注视方向的调节，也不受特质焦虑水平的影响。该研究结果表明，无意识的面孔情绪情境效应可以在更复杂的社会性场景中发生，且表现出恐惧情绪与高特质焦虑的特异性。 研究三借助 fMRI 技术进一步对社会性场景下无意识面孔情绪情境效应的神经机制进行考察。鉴于研究二所发现的特异性结果，研究三只关注恐惧情境在高特质焦虑个体上诱发的效应。我们发现，杏仁核活动反映了社会性的眼睛注视线索对无意识情绪情境效应的调节作用：无意识的恐惧情境相对于中性情境会引起更强的右侧杏仁核的反应，并且该效应在眼睛注视方向朝向情境比背离情境时更强。该研究结果提示，在高特质焦虑人群中，杏仁核可能是负责自动化整合情绪和社会性信息的关键脑区。 研究四考察了当目标与情境同处于无意识水平时的情绪情境效应。借助视觉搜索范式中的凸显（Pop-out）现象，从功能（也就是注意捕获）的角度对其进行考察。行为结果发现，同处于意识下的恐惧目标面孔可以在中性情境面孔中捕获注意，更快速地从情境中凸显出来，且这一凸显效应特异于高特质焦虑个体。无意识的快乐面孔则没有表现出类似的凸显效应。来自眼动的证据应证了行为结果，并发现特异于高特质焦虑和恐惧面孔的凸显效应在目标和情境完全处于无意识水平时就已发生。该研究结果表明，无意识的面孔情境可以影响个体对同样处于无意识水平的目标面孔的注意，这种效应也存在对恐惧和高特质焦虑的特异性。 综上，本文为面孔情绪情境效应是一个自动化的过程提供了有力证据，并从行为和神经的层面揭示了无意识面孔情绪及社会信息整合的特异性机制。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/43147]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 陈玉洁. 无意识的面孔情绪情境效应[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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