中国婴幼儿视觉功能发育特性与应用研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 樊沭含 |
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 黄昌兵 |
| 关键词 | 婴幼儿 视觉功能 发育特性 自闭症 低胎龄 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 基础心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Characteristics of Visual Function Development in Chinese Infants and Young Children |
| 中文摘要 | Visual function screening of infants and young children is very important. At present, there are various methods of visual function testing for infants and young children, but the comparability between different test results is poor. A standardized screening system is urgently needed to comprehensively and systematically evaluate the developmental status and developmental trajectory of infant visual function. This study aims to develop a standardized visual function test set suitable for infants and young children, study the development characteristics of visual functions among Chinese infants and young children, and evaluate its potential in screening abnormal development (e.g. autism and low gestational age). This research is divided into three parts. Study 1 investigated the applicability of common visual function testing tools in Chinese infants and young children, we conducted a comprehensive visual function test on 563 infants, aged 0-36 months and without any ophthalmological and cognitive abnormalities. Through analysis of variance and stratified chi-square test (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test), we analyzed the feasibility of different testing tools and the age effects of different testing, found that different testing items within the same function are relatively consistent, and extremely low coordination in LEA visual chart, Titmus stereo test, graphic matching. On the whole, the testing time of common testing tools is too long for infants, and is greatly affected by the cooperation between participates and experimenter. Subsequently, we developed a standardized visual function test set covering 13 functional measures (revised), based on the same materials, paradigms and procedures. Study 2 validated the reliability and validity of the test set developed in study 1, and explore the developmental characteristics of 394 infants’ visual function from the aspects of continuity/stages, synchrony/asynchrony, correlation and dynamic pattern. The results indicated: (1) Light perception, vernier acuity, first-order contrast sensitivity, blue-yellow perception, constancy and hand-eye coordination developed continuously, and leveled off within 36 months. Some functions developed in stages, and the developmental rate is first fast and then slow; (2) There is obvious asynchrony between different functions, with light perception, visual acuity and contrast developing earlier, and red-green and blue-yellow perception developing the fastest, depth and motion perception, object cognition and joint attention developing more in the second stage; (3) Factor analysis, structural equation model and other analyses found that the tested functions can be divided into four latent variables, namely spatial vision (grating and Vernier acuity, first-order and second-order contrast sensitivity), color perception, depth and motion perception, and visual cognition and interaction (object cognition and constancy, joint attention and hand-eye coordination), and spatial vision can explain visual cognition and interaction under the mediating effect of motion and depth perception; (4) piecewise linear model and other analyses showed that there may be three developmental stages of visual functions: 0~11 months, 12~24 months, and 24~36 months, and the relationship between latent variables was different in different stages; (5) During the dynamic development of visual function, the separation between latent variables, e.g. spatial vision and color perception, as well as visual cognition and interaction and depth and motion perception, always exists, suggesting the possibility of different developmental pathways. In Study 3, the development status of visual function in autism (44.166±11.626 months) and low gestational age (21.179±10.048 months) infants and young children were systematically evaluated using the infants’ visual function test set, the number of participates was 50 and 41 respectively. The results showed that all visual functions were significantly delayed and the correlation between functions was significantly weaker in autism and low gestational age infants and young children, as opposed to its normal counterparts, and the developmental delay of children with autism was more serious. Classification based on visual functions have shown that autism and low gestational age infants can be divided into three categories, but the performance of children with low gestational age is more similar to that of normal children. This study comprehensively and in-depth revealed the development characteristics and developmental patterns of visual functions in normal infants and young children from multiple dimensions. The relevant results also provide insights for the early identification and classification of abnormal development. |
| 英文摘要 | 婴幼儿视觉功能筛查十分重要。目前婴幼儿视觉功能测试方法多种多样，各测试结果之间可比性较差，亟需一套标准化的检测系统，以全面系统评估婴幼儿视觉功能发育状态和发育轨迹。本研究旨在开发一套适于婴幼儿使用的标准化视觉功能测试集，从多维度研究中国婴幼儿视觉功能发育特性和其在异常发育婴幼儿（自闭症和低胎龄）的潜在应用价值。 本研究分三个部分。研究一考察了常见视觉功能检测工具在中国 0~36 个月婴幼儿群体的适用性，我们对 563 名 0~36 个月、无眼科和认知异常的婴幼儿进行了全面的视觉功能检测，通过方差分析和分层卡方检验，分析了不同功能的年龄区分度和项目可行性，发现针对同一功能的不同检测项目结果比较一致，图形视力表、立体视图、图形匹配卡等项目婴幼儿配合程度过低。整体而言，常见测试工具的测试时间过长（约 30 分钟），且受主试和被试配合度影响比较大。随后，上述结果为经验，基于相同材料和范式，开发一套涵盖 13 种（修订后）功能测量的标准化视觉功能测试集。 研究二对研究一开发的测试集进行了信效度验证，并对 394 名正常婴幼儿群体进行测量，从功能发育的连续性/阶段性、同步性/异步性、相关性和动态发育模式等方面深入探讨婴幼儿视觉功能发育特性。结果发现：（1）光感、游标视锐度、一阶对比度、蓝黄感知、恒常性和手眼协同呈连续性发展，36 个月之内得分趋平，其他功能呈阶段性发展，发育速率呈现先快后慢的特点；（2）功能间存在不同程度的异步性，光感和空间视觉能力发育起点较高，颜色感知发育最快，深度和运动感知、物体认知和联合注意后续发展较多；（3）因子分析和结构方程模型等分析发现，功能可以分为四个潜变量，分别为空间视觉能力（条栅和游标视锐度、一阶和二阶对比度）、颜色感知、深度和运动感知、及视觉认知与交互（物体认知和恒常性、联合注意和手眼协同），潜变量之间区分度较好，空间视觉能力可以在运动和深度感知的中介作用下解释视觉认知与交互，颜色感知是功能相关关系网络中的重要节点；（4）分段线性模型等分析表明，整体视觉功能可能存在三个发育阶段：0~11 个月、11~24 个月和 24~36 个月，不同阶段整体功能发育、潜变量之间的关系有所不同；（5）在视觉功能动态发育过程中，空间视觉能力和颜色感知能力，及视觉认知与交互和深度与运动感知两组潜变量之间的分离始终存在，提示可能存在不同的发育通路。 研究三应用开发的婴幼儿视觉功能测试集，较为系统地测查了 50 名自闭症患儿（44.166±11.626 个月）和 41 名低胎龄婴幼儿（21.179±10.048 个月）的视觉功能发育情况。结果表明，各功能发育都显著延迟，整体视觉功能更为敏感，功能之间关联性显著弱于正常婴幼儿，自闭症婴幼儿发育延迟更为严重。基于视觉功能的分型研究表明，自闭症和低胎龄婴幼儿都可被分为三类，但低胎龄的表现与正常婴幼儿更加接近。 本研究从多功能整合的角度，从多个维度较为全面深入地揭示了正常婴幼儿的视觉功能发育特性和发育模式，相关结果对异常发育群体的早期识别和分型都有一定借鉴作用。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/43150]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 樊沭含. 中国婴幼儿视觉功能发育特性与应用研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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