外显与内隐负性情绪记忆提取后再巩固的神经机制研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 潘东旎 |
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 李雪冰 |
| 关键词 | 情绪记忆 情景记忆 恐惧条件反射 再巩固 提取后更新 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 认知神经科学 |
| 其他题名 | The neural mechanism of post-retrieval reconsolidation of explicit and implicit negative emotional memories |
| 中文摘要 | Memory is not a fixed entity, but a dynamic process that is constantly updated. The theoretical framework of memory reconsolidation holds that memory traces become unstable after being reactivated and can be modified and guided by subsequent interventions. This phenomenon provides insights into the intervention of neuropsychological disorders characterized by emotional memory biases, but at the same time, the conditions and mechanisms of reconsolidation have not been clarified in human studies. With negative episodic memory and fear conditioning as research targets, this project comprehensively investigated the possibility and neural mechanism of the two memory systems (explicit and implicit) that negative memories can be updated through the process of reconsolidation, providing empirical support for the clinical practice of memory retrieval interference based on the framework of reconsolidation. Specifically, there are three major parts of the project: The first part investigated the possibility of reconsolidation and updating of negative episodic memory and its neural mechanism (involving neural processing and specific cortical activity), which included four independent empirical studies on the behavioral, EEG, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tasks. It is found that self- referential episodic memory can be changed and updated by cue reminder and new scene learning, and the nature of memory change is affected by the valence of the interfering material. In addition, the specific neural processing mode of post-retrieval learning can promote the change of memory: the moderate level of original memory recall can induce the original memory instability, and the sufficient processing of new information after retrieval is also the key to inducing the change of memory. These conclusions are supported by extensive evidence from EEG and fMRI approaches. The second part included a meta-analysis on the effects of post-retrieval extinction on preventing the recovery of conditional fear, and an empirical study investigating the feasibility and neural mechanism of post-retrieval extinction for categorical conditional fear. Typical extinction, conditional stimulus (CS) reminder and unconditional stimulus (US) reminder extinction paradigms were compared. The neural (EEG) activity during post reminder and extinction learning period for the effect of recovery of fear memory was investigated. It was found that the US reminder extinction paradigm had better effects on strengthening the extinction learning and preventing fear recovery than the CS and typical extinction paradigm, and this effect was related to the sufficient prediction error and larger conflict resolution processing induced by US reminder. Psychophysiological data and EEG oscillations support this aspect of the conclusion. The third part is based on the core conclusions of the first two parts and included preliminary behavioral and neural modulation intervention programs to promote the individual negative memory updating and emotional state. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) experiment showed that the activation of the visual cortex may provide some leverage on the episodic learning process after retrieval. From laboratory to real clinical counseling, the project also investigates the role and status of reconsolidation theory and principles in counseling practice, deepening the understanding of the relationship between reconsolidation research and current counseling practice. To sum up, this project systematically investigated the possibility and neural correlation of reconsolidation in both explicit and implicit emotional memories. We found that reconsolidation is a general phenomenon across memory systems. Explicit and implicit memory may share some unified mechanism for destabilization while following different optimization principles. For example, they require different levels of prediction errors to optimize a steady trace, while at the same time, deep processing of the current new information and sufficient conflict resolution is the key for both updating of the explicit and implicit memory trace. Future research can further expand reconsolidation related-clinical application under the principles that have been clarified in the current project. |
| 英文摘要 | 记忆不是固定的实体, 而是一个不断更新的动态过程。再巩固理论认为, 记忆痕迹在被唤起后会变的不稳定, 并且能够被随后的干预修改和引导。这一现象为以情绪记忆失调和偏差为特征的神经心理障碍干预提供了深刻的见解, 但与此同时, 再巩固发生的条件与机制在人类研究中还尚未厘清。 本课题以负性情景记忆与恐惧条件反射为研究对象, 综合考察两大记忆系统(外显与内隐)负性记忆通过再巩固过程发生更新的可能性与神经机制, 为基于再巩固框架的记忆提取干扰走向临床实践提供经验支持。具体而言, 课题围绕三个大的部分进行: 第一部分考察外显负性情景记忆再巩固更新的可能性及其神经机制, 包含了行为范式的开发与应用、脑电、功能磁共振成像的四个独立实证性研究, 采用自主设计的三日情景记忆提取干扰范式, 考察自我参照情景记忆通过线索唤起-新干扰学习发生扭曲或更新的可能性、神经加工机制以及涉及的特异性皮层活动。研究发现情景记忆能够通过线索提醒加上新场景学习发生改变与更新, 记忆改变的性质受到干扰材料效价的影响。此外, 特定的提取学习的神经加工模式能够促进记忆的改变, 中等程度的原始记忆唤醒最能诱发原始记忆的失稳态, 对提取后新信息的充分加工也是诱发记忆改变的关键。这些结论受到脑电以及功能磁共振成像研究多方面的证据支持。 第二部分考察内隐提取-消退条件恐惧的可行性与神经机制。第一步元分析探讨了提取消退优势效应及其调节因素, 随后开展了实证研究对比了非条件刺激(US)提取消退、条件刺激(CS)提取消退和控制消退训练在防止范畴条件恐惧恢复上的效果差异, 并考察消退过程中的神经(脑电)活动对恐惧记忆消退和恢复的调节。研究发现 US 提取消退范式相较于 CS 提取消退范式有更优的防止恐惧恢复的效果, 并且这种效果与 US 提取后引发的更充分的预测误差以及和更大的冲突解决加工有关。心理生理数据以及脑电神经振荡均支持了这一点。 第三部分基于前两个部分的核心结论, 初步调查和探索基于再巩固的行为与神经调控干预方案用以促进个体负性记忆更新的可能性。经颅直流电刺激实验发现提取后干扰学习过程中强化视觉皮层的激活, 能够在一定程度上影响原始记忆的扭曲, 尽管未达到显著水平, 但暗示神经调控可能对强化相关干预起到杠杆作用。从实验室进入真实的临床咨询场景中, 研究还调查了再巩固理论与原则在咨询实践中的角色和地位, 深化了再巩固研究与当前咨询实践关系的认识。 综上, 本课题系统考察了外显与内隐情绪记忆提取后再巩固的可能性和神经关联, 是该领域具有基础性、创新性的工作。我们的系列研究发现, 记忆提取后的可塑性和再巩固更新是一个跨系统的普遍现象, 外显和内隐情绪记忆的提取后更新的优化特征既有联系又有区别: 原始记忆的提取是记忆更新发生的前提, 不同的记忆类型要求不同的记忆唤起程度以最优化失稳定状态; 而对提取后新信息的深度加工和充分的冲突解决则是原始记忆痕迹发生更新与持久性改变的关键。未来研究可以根据已经厘清的相关原则, 进一步的扩展再巩固框架下的临床应用。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/43164]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 潘东旎. 外显与内隐负性情绪记忆提取后再巩固的神经机制研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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