性别与焦虑特质在情绪调节中的差异性作用：基于急性有氧运 动任务的大脑功能连接分析
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 盖力锟
|
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 魏高峡 |
| 关键词 | 有氧运动 性别差异 焦虑 情绪调节 fMRI |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 认知神经科学 |
| 其他题名 | The differential role of gender and anxiety traits in emotion regulation: brain functional connectivity analysis based on acute aerobic exercise tasks |
| 中文摘要 | Emotional health issues are becoming increasingly prominent in today's society, and serious emotional problems can be detrimental to an individual's physical and mental health and even cause self-injury and suicidal behavior. Numerous studies have shown that a certain dose of physical activity not only significantly improves mood states, but also reshapes brain structure and function, improving well-being and quality of life. However, the results of existing studies on mood improvement by exercise are still inconsistent. The reason for this is that these mood-improving effects are strongly associated with inter-individual differences. Gender, emotional state and trait factors all influence the mood effects after exercise. In addition, the neural mechanisms underlying the emotional effects of exercise due to individual differences are not clear. Therefore, this study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with network analysis to explore the intervention effects of acute aerobic exercise on individuals of different genders and anxiety subgroups and to reveal the differences in the representation of these individual factors in brain function. A total of 83 college students were recruited and randomly assigned to the experimental group (44) and the control group (39). The experimental group underwent a 30-minute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (MAE) intervention and the control group underwent a 30-minute reading task. Participants were administered a mood questionnaire measure and resting-state fMRI scan before and after the intervention. Study 1 explored the emotional responses after the acute aerobic exercise intervention and the neural mechanisms behind them, focusing on the roles played by different amygdala subregions (medial amygdala and lateral amygdala) to find the emotional neural circuits closely related to the exercise intervention. Study 2 focused on the differential role of gender (male and female) and anxiety level (high anxiety, low anxiety) in aerobic exercise-induced emotional responses from the perspective of brain functional networks, and examined the differences in the representations on neural circuits related to emotion regulation induced by acute aerobic exercise from the perspective of brain functional networks for different individual difference factors. Study 3 used network analysis techniques to explore the effects of aerobic exercise on different individual emotional networks and the interactions between the nodes in the networks by constructing a pretest emotional network, an exercise intervention network and a bridge network, and to verify and expand the conclusions of study 2. Study 1 found that MAE significantly improved self-esteem and general mood state. Increased self-esteem after exercise was associated with increased functional connectivity (FC) between the right medial amygdala (mAmyg) and the left inferior cerebellum; decreased negative affect was associated with increased functional connectivity between the bilateral mAmyg-right parietal lobe and the right mAmyg-left orbitofrontal lobe. Study 2 found that acute aerobic exercise was significantly more effective than men in improving self-esteem, energy, tension, and general mood state in women, and that the reduction in negative mood in women after the intervention was associated with decreased FC between the orbitofrontal, anterior insula, lateral amygdala, and the nucleus accumbens in the left hemisphere. In addition, it was found that acute aerobic exercise significantly reduced anxiety in the high-anxiety group and significantly improved positive and negative emotions except for anxiety in the low-anxiety group. After exercise, the reduction in positive affect in the high-anxiety group was associated with enhanced FC in the ventral cingulate gyrus (posterior cingulated gyrus) and dorsal caudate nucleus; the reduction in anxiety in the low-anxiety group was associated with enhanced FC in the right middle frontal gyrus and left ventral cingulate gyrus. Study 3 found significant gender differences in emotion-related networks and high and low anxiety subgroup differences for the exercise intervention condition. In women, there were more and stronger associations between nodes in the exercise intervention network, and the intervention condition directly affected the core self-esteem and tension in the pretest emotion network, whereas in men, the exercise intervention radiated to other negative emotions by directly affecting the confusion node. In the exercise intervention network of the high anxiety group, the intervention condition was only directly associated with state anxiety, whereas in the exercise intervention network of the low anxiety group, the exercise intervention condition directly affected confusion and fatigue and indirectly affected the core nodes of tension and energy, which in turn radiated to other emotions. The bridge network further revealed an association between increased self-esteem in women and reduced FC in the left orbitofrontal and left dorsal anterior insula; improved self-esteem, vigor, and anxiety in the low-anxiety group were associated with significantly enhanced FC in the right middle frontal gyrus to the left ventral cingulate gyrus, and in the right nucleus accumbens to the left superior temporal gyrus. Based on the above findings, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) MAE has a better effect on women's mood than men's, and has a better effect on individuals with low anxiety than those with high anxiety, but it has a significant reduction effect on individuals with high anxiety. 2) Self-esteem and tension are key to mood improvement. 3) Functional changes in emotion-related brain regions such as orbitofrontal cortex, anterior insular, basal ganglion (caudate nucleus, putamen, accumbens), cingulate gyrus and cerebellum may be the underlying neural mechanism of emotional improvement after exercise. Moreover, the brain functional connectivity patterns of post-exercise emotional effects were significantly different in individuals with different genders and anxiety levels. This study attempts to explore the effect of acute aerobic exercise on mood from the perspective of individual differences by using an integrated network analysis method that combines brain networks and behavioral networks. On the one hand, it provides an objective scientific basis for the development of individualized prevention and intervention programs for mood disorders and helps to understand the brain mechanisms behind individual differences; on the other hand, the integrated network analysis method also broadens new analytical ideas for relevant studies in health promotion and clinical areas that include multiple dimensions and levels. This study tries to combine brain network and behavior network to build a comprehensive network, which is conducive to broaden the new research and analysis methods, and to further explore the brain and behavior as a whole. In addition, the results of this study are helpful to better understand the behavioral and neural mechanisms of exercise behavior affecting emotions, and provide objective scientific basis for the development of personalized prevention and intervention programs for emotional health problems of different groups, which also has important practical significance for the normal development and improvement of mental health of different groups. |
| 英文摘要 | 当今社会情绪健康问题显得日益突出，严重的情绪问题有损于个体的身心健康，甚至造成自伤和自杀行为。诸多研究表明，一定剂量的身体锻炼行为不仅能够显著改善情绪状态，还能重塑大脑结构与功能，提高幸福感和生活质量。然而，运动改善情绪方面的已有研究结果仍不一致。究其原因，这些情绪改善效应与个体间差异存在密切联系。性别、情绪状态与特质因素均会影响到运动后的情绪效应。此外，因个体差异引起的运动情绪效应的神经机制也尚不明确。因此，本研究采用静息态功能磁共振成像技术（fMRI）与网络分析方法，探索急性有氧运动对不同性别、不同焦虑分组个体的干预效果，并揭示这些个体因素在大脑功能上的表征差异。 本研究共招募 83 名大学生，随机分配到实验组（44 人）和对照组（39 人）。实验组进行 30 分钟中等强度有氧运动干预（MAE），对照组进行 30 分钟阅读任务。干预前后分别对参与者进行情绪问卷测量与静息态 fMRI 扫描。研究一探察急性有氧运动干预后的情绪反应及其背后的神经机制，重点探讨不同杏仁核亚区（内侧杏仁核与外侧杏仁核）在其中发挥的作用，寻找与运动干预密切相关的情绪神经环路。研究二从大脑功能网络角度，重点考察性别（男、女）与焦虑水平（高焦虑、低焦虑）在有氧运动诱发情绪反应中的差异性作用，并针对不同个体差异因素，从大脑功能网络角度，考察急性有氧运动引起情绪调节相关神经环路上的表征差异。研究三采用网络分析技术，通过构建前测情绪网络、运动干预网络和桥接网络，探究有氧运动对不同个体情绪网络的影响，以及网络中各节点之间的相互作用，并验证和扩展研究二的结论。 研究一发现，MAE 能够显著改善自尊与整体情绪状态。运动后自尊情绪增强与右侧内侧杏仁核（mAmyg）与左侧小脑下部的功能连接（FC）增强有关；负性情绪的降低和双侧 mAmyg-右侧顶叶，右侧 mAmyg-左侧眶额叶之间功能连接增强有关。研究二发现，急性有氧运动对女性自尊、精力、紧张和整体情绪状态的改善效果显著好于男性，且干预后女性负性情绪的降低，与左半球的眶额叶、前脑岛、外侧杏仁核、壳核之间的 FC 减弱有关。此外，研究还发现，急性有氧运动显著降低了高焦虑人群的焦虑情绪，显著改善低焦虑人群除焦虑以外的正性和负性情绪。运动后，高焦虑人群正性情绪的降低和腹侧扣带回（后扣带回）与背侧尾状核的 FC 增强有关；低焦虑人群焦虑降低和右侧额中回与左侧腹侧扣带回的 FC 增强有关。研究三发现，运动干预条件下，情绪网络存在显著性别差异与焦虑分组的差异。在女性运动干预网络的节点之间中存在更多、更强的关联，且干预条件直接影响前测情绪网络中核心的自尊、紧张情绪；而在男性中，运动干预是通过直接影响困惑节点进而辐射到其他负性情绪。高焦虑组运动干预网络中，干预条件仅与状态焦虑直接关联；而在低焦虑组的运动干预网络中，运动干预条件直接影响困惑与疲劳，并间接影响到紧张和精力核心节点，进而辐射到其他情绪桥接网络进一步发现，女性自尊的提升与左眶额叶与左背侧前脑岛的 FC减弱存在关联；低焦虑人群的自尊、精力和焦虑情绪改善和右侧额中回与左侧腹侧扣带回的功能连接显著增强，以及右侧伏隔核与左侧颞上回的功能连接显著增强存在关联。 基于以上研究发现，可以得出以下结论：1）MAE 对女性的情绪改善效果好于男性，对低焦虑个体的效果好于高焦虑个体，但对高焦虑个体的焦虑情绪降低效果显著；2）自尊与紧张维度是情绪网络改善的关键；3）眶额叶、杏仁核、前脑岛、基底神经节（尾状核、壳核、伏隔核等）、扣带回和小脑等情绪相关脑区的功能变化，可能是运动后情绪改善的潜在脑机制，且不同性别与焦虑水平的个体，其运动后情绪效应的大脑功能连接模式有着显著差异。本研究尝试采用脑网络与行为网络相结合的整合网络分析方法，在个体差异的视角上对急性有氧运动对情绪效应进行探索，一方面对制定个性化的情绪疾病预防和干预方案提供了客观的科学依据，有助于理解个体差异背后的脑机制；另一方面，整合网络的分析方法也为包含有多维度多水平的健康促进和临床领域的相关研究拓宽了新的分析思路。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/43119]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 盖力锟. 性别与焦虑特质在情绪调节中的差异性作用：基于急性有氧运 动任务的大脑功能连接分析[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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