精神分裂症患者和分裂型特质个体共情与情绪调节的关系研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 郭晓栋 |
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 王毅 |
| 关键词 | 共情准确性 情感共情 认知重评 精神分裂症 阴性分裂型特质 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 健康心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The association between emnathv and emotion regulation in patients with schizophrenia and individuals with negative schizotypy |
| 中文摘要 | Empathy refers to understanding, inferring and sharing others' emotional states, which can be divided into affective and cognitive components. Previous studies have found empathy deficits in both patients with schizophrenia and individuals with schizotypal traits. However, the underlying psychological processing for the observed empathy performances in these clinical and subclinical samples is still not clearly known. Emotion regulation, which is the process of managing one's own emotions, is found to be closely associated with empathy in previous empirical studies. Few studies have explored the relationship between empathy and emotion regulation, especially in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. To address these issues, two studies were conducted to investigate 1)the relationship between empathy and emotion regulation; 2) the association between empathy impairments and emotion regulation in both schizophrenia patients and individuals with negative schizotypy; and 3) the effects of cognitive reappraisal on empathic performances. Study 1 aimed to investigate the correlations between empathy and emotion regulation, as well as the roles of emotion regulation on the associations between negative schizotypy and empathy, and between empathy and negative affect. Study 1.1 administered a set of questionnaires to capture negative schizotypy (the Chinese Version of Social Anhedonia Scale, CSAS), empathy (the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI) and emotional regulation (the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, ERQ) to 548 participants. The results showed that cognitive reappraisal was positively correlated with both cognitive and affective empathy. However, expressive suppression was positively correlated with cognitive empathy but negatively with affective empathy. Moreover, both cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression imposed a moderating effect upon the relationship between negative schizotypy and empathy. Study 1.2 administered the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE), the IRI, the ERQ, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) to 442 college students. The results showed that both empathy and emotion regulation were significantly correlated with negative affect. Furthermore, the relationship between empathy and negative affect was moderated by both cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression. Study 2 aimed to examine the relationship between empathic performances and emotion regulation in participants with schizotypal traits (Study 2.1) and patients with schizophrenia (Study 2.2), as well as the potential impact of cognitive reappraisal upon empathic performances in a non-clinical population (Study 2.3). Study 2.1 administered the Chinese version of the Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT) and the ERQ to 69 participants with high level of negative schizotypy (high-NS) and 64 participants with low level of negative schizotypy (low-NS). The results showed that participants with high-NS exhibited poorer affective empathy but comparable cognitive empathy relative to participants with low-NS. There was a positive correlation between affective empathy and expressive suppression in participants with high-NS but no such a significant relationship was found in participants with low-NS. Study 2.2 administered the set of measures used in Study 2.1 to 35 patients with schizophrenia and 35 healthy controls. Results showed that patients with schizophrenia exhibited significant poorer affective and cognitive empathy than healthy controls. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between cognitive reappraisal and cognitive empathy inschizophrenia patients but not healthy controls. Study 2.3 recruited 33 college students to perform the EAT under two conditions, i.e., applying cognitive reappraisal while viewing the scenarios, and naturally viewing condition without applying cognitive reappraisal. Participants also completed the CSAS to measure negative schizotypy. The results showed that participants, individuals with high level of negative schizotypy in particular, performed better on the EAT under the condition applying cognitive reappraisal than the naturally viewing condition. Specifically, people had higher empathic accuracy scores and experienced lower negative affect in reaction to others’ negative emotions, while experienced higher levels of positive affect in reaction to positive emotions under the cognitive reappraisal condition. In conclusion, emotion regulation exerts its moderating effect on the relationships between empathy and negative schizotypy, and between empathy and negative affect. Patients with schizophrenia exhibited deficits in both cognitive and affective empathy, while individuals with high-NS only exhibited impaired affective empathy. Both schizophrenia patients and individuals with negative schizotypy exhibited significant correlation between emotion regulation and empathy performances. Our preliminary findings also suggested cognitive reappraisal endorsement would improve empathic performances. These findings contribute to a better understanding of social cognition deficits in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and highlight the potential development of intervention for social cognition. |
| 英文摘要 | 共情是个体对他人情绪情感的理解、推断以及自身产生相似情绪反应的过程，可分为认知共情和情感共情成分。前人研究发现精神分裂症患者以及分裂型特质群体中均存在认知和情感共情的缺损，但对于共情缺损的心理学机制尚缺乏研究。情绪调节指个体管理自身情绪的过程，已有的理论模型和实证研究均表明共情与情绪调节是密切相关的过程，但极少有研究探讨精神分裂症患者及其风险群体的共情缺损与情绪调节的关系。本论文分两个研究考察共情与情绪调节的关系，精神分裂症患者和阴性分裂型特质个体的共情缺损及其与情绪调节的关系，并在一般人群中尝试验证使用认知重评策略对共情的影响。 研究一通过问卷调查在两个独立的大学生样本中分别探讨情绪调节策略在阴性分裂型特质与共情、共情与负性情绪之间的作用机制。研究1.1招募548名被试，分别采用社会快感缺失量表(CSAS}、人际反应指针量表(l RI)以及情绪调节问卷(ERQ)评估阴性分裂型特质、共情以及情绪调节策略使用(包括认知重评和表达抑制)。相关和回归分析发现认知重评与认知共情、情感共情呈正相关，表达抑制与认知共情呈正相关、与情感共情呈负相关;认知重评和表达抑制对阴性分裂型特质与共情之间的关系存在显著的调节作用。研究1.2中，442名被试完成了认知与情感共情问卷(QCAE)和IRI, ERQ，以及抑郁-焦虑一压力自评量表(DASS-21)。结果发现共情、情绪调节都与负性情绪有显著相关，并且情绪调节对共情和负性情绪之间的关系存在显著的调节作用。 研究二采用共情准确性任务(EAT)分别探讨阴性分裂型特质个体(研究2.1}和精神分裂症患者(研究2.2}的共情任务表现与情绪调节(ERQ)的关系，并进一步考察认知重评策略使用对共情表现的影响(研究2.3。研究2.1招募69名阴性分裂型特质高分组和64名低分对照组被试，结果发现高分组被试在消极情境下的情感共情存在明显异常，并且高分组中表达抑制与共情关怀呈正相关。研究2.2招募35对精神分裂症患者和健康对照组被试，分析发现患者组的认知共情以及消极情境下的情感共情均存在缺损，并且患者组中情绪调节与认知共情呈正相关。研究2.3中，33名大学生分别在自由观看和认知重评条件下完成EAT任务，同时还完成了CSAS量表，分析结果显示认知重评能够有效提高消极情境下的认知共情，降低消极情境下的负性情绪体验、增强积极情境下的正性情绪体验，并且阴性分裂型特质高分被试中认知重评的效果更明显。 综上所述，本论文发现情绪调节在阴性分裂型特质和共情之间、共情和负性情绪之间发挥重要的调节作用。精神分裂症患者存在认知和情感共情缺损，阴性分裂型特质主要表现出情感共情异常，而情绪调节与这两个特殊群体的共情异常均存在显著相关。最后本研究还初步验证了认知重评策略能有效改善阴性分裂型特质高分个体的共情任务表现。这些发现对于了解精神分裂症谱系社会认知缺损的心理学机制具有重要意义，为有效改善精神疾病临床和亚临床人群的社会认知提供了新的角度。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/43121]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 郭晓栋. 精神分裂症患者和分裂型特质个体共情与情绪调节的关系研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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