孤独特质学龄儿童的前瞻记忆研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 宿晓旻
|
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 杨天笑 |
| 关键词 | 前瞻记忆 孤独特质 执行功能 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 基础心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Prospective memory in school-age children with autistic-like traits |
| 中文摘要 | Prospective memory (PM) refers to remembering to perform an intended plan in the future (such as remembering to bring homework to school, etc.). When children enter school, they will face more complex campus life and social situations than before. The impairment of PM may cause difficulties for children to live an independent life, complete their assignments and develop good peer relationships. PM impairment was found in the childhood-onset disease—autism, and the degree of deficit varies with the type of PM cues. In the research of autism, more and more researchers considered autism from the perspective of spectrum and continuum. They argued that the general population and relatives with autism would show behavior and cognitive impairment similar to autistic patients. Recent studies have shown that children with higher autistic traits displays impairment in executive functions. Therefore, children with high autistic traits may also have PM impairment. However, there is still a lack of research to explore the relationship between autistic traits and PM in school-age children The present thesis aimed to explore the relationship between autistic traits and prospective memory via three studies, and answer the two questions: First, what is the relationship between autistic traits and PM functions, and do executive functions mediate the relationship? Second, do children with higher autistic traits have inferior PM function when compared with those with lower autistic traits, and does the degree of PM impairment vary with the type of PM cues? In Study 1, the relationship between PM and autistic traits was explored in school-age children. A total of 80 children aged 7-12 completed the computer-based PM task, the scenario-based PM tasks, the self-rated questionnaire of PM, and also the self-rating questionnaire of autistic traits. The results showed that the higher the level of autistic traits, the higher rate of self-reported PM errors in everyday life. However, the correlations between autistic traits and performance of the computer-based PM task and the scenario-based PM task were not significant. In Study 2, we first validated the prospective and retrospective memory (RM) questionnaire for children (PRMQC) in a sample of 741 pairs of 7-12 year old children and their parents. The results showed that the reliability and validity of children and parent-rating PRMQC were good, and both versions supported the two- PM-RM correlated factor model. Secondly, the relationship between autistic traits and PM, as well as the mediating role of executive functions was investigated using a sample of 837 parents, who completed the parent-reporting questionnaires. The results indicated that higher level of autistic traits was associated with more PM failures and executive dysfunctions in everyday life. Crucially, executive functions fully mediated the relationship between autistic traits and PM. In Study 3, we investigated the PM performance in children with high-level autistic traits. Firstly, we adapted a computer-based PM task (i.e., the fishing game). Secondly, a total of 468 parents completed the questionnaires to evaluate children’s PM function and autistic traits, and 40 pairs of children with higher and lower autistic traits were selected. All children completed the computer-based PM tasks involving time-, event- and activity-based cues, and the executive function tasks. There was no significant group difference in all indexes of the three PM tasks and the executive function tasks. To sum up, the main research question of the present study concerns with the relationship between autistic traits and PM in school-age children. Both self-report and parent-rating findings indicated that the higher the level of autistic traits of school-age children, the more PM errors reported in daily life. However, group comparisons indicated that children with higher autistic traits show no impairment in the laboratory/computer-based PM tasks. These findings suggest that the relationships between autistic traits and PM in school-age children were complex and tend to be influenced by measurements (i.e., questionnaires vs. computer-based task). Compared with the laboratory-based PM tasks, the relationship between autistic traits and PM was more evident when questionnaires were used to reflect PM functions in everyday life. Moreover, executive function played a partial mediating role in the relationship between autistic traits and PM, which increases the understanding of underlying mechanism of the relationship. In short, this study focuses on the research questions that were less investigated by previous researchers and examined the relationship between autistic traits and PM in school-age children. At the same time, the computer-based tasks and questionnaires for measuring PM in school-age children were adapted, and these tools may facilitate investigation of children’s PM functions in a more comprehensive way. |
| 英文摘要 | 前瞻记忆是个体记得在未来执行某项预先意图的能力（比如记得上学带作业等）。学龄期儿童面临更为复杂的校园生活与社交情境，前瞻记忆功能的缺损对儿童走向独立、完成学业、发展同伴关系都会造成困难。儿童期起病的孤独症群体存在前瞻记忆功能的缺损，且缺损效应受到前瞻记忆线索类型的影响。在孤独症研究领域，研究者开始从谱系和连续体的角度看待孤独症，认为一般人群和孤独症亲属中也会表现出与孤独症患者相似的行为和认知障碍，这些亚临床特质个体尽管未达到诊断标准，但仍可能存在认知缺损。目前已有研究发现，高孤独特质儿童存在执行功能缺损，而执行功能与前瞻记忆功能的发展关系密切。因此，具有高孤独特质水平的儿童也可能存在前瞻记忆缺损，但目前还少有研究对此进行探究。 本文将通过三个研究探讨学龄期儿童孤独特质与前瞻记忆的关系，并尝试回答两个主要问题：第一，在学龄期儿童中，孤独特质水平与前瞻记忆功能是否相关？执行功能在其中是否起中介作用？第二，与低孤独特质儿童相比，高孤独特质儿童是否存在前瞻记忆功能缺损，且缺损程度是否受到线索类型影响？ 研究一对儿童前瞻记忆和孤独特质的关系进行了初步探索。80 名 7-12 岁的儿童完成了前瞻记忆的电脑游戏任务、实验室情境模拟任务和日常记忆问卷，以及孤独特质水平问卷。结果发现，儿童报告的孤独特质水平越高，自我报告的前瞻记忆错误越多，但对游戏和实验室情境测量的前瞻记忆功能无显著影响。 研究二首先对儿童前瞻记忆和回溯记忆问卷进行修订，在 741 对 7-12 岁儿童及其家长的样本中，证明了儿童自评和家长修订版问卷的信效度均良好，且都支持前瞻-回溯记忆两因子最优模型。其次，对 837 名家长问卷报告分析发现，儿童孤独特质水平越高，执行功能水平越低，前瞻记忆错误也越多，且执行功能在孤独特质与前瞻记忆的关系中起完全中介的作用。 研究三考察高水平孤独特质儿童的前瞻记忆功能表现。研究者对前瞻记忆电脑游戏任务先进行优化，并通过 468 名家长的新样本库筛选出 40 对高-低孤独特质儿童，完成了包含时间、事件、活动三种线索的前瞻记忆任务和执行功能任务。结果发现，两组儿童在三种线索的前瞻记忆表现和执行功能表现上均无显著差异，综上，本研究探讨了学龄儿童孤独特质与前瞻记忆的关系。儿童与家长问卷结果一致表明，学龄儿童的孤独特质水平越高，日常生活中出现的前瞻记忆错误越多。 然而，高孤独特质儿童在实验室前瞻记忆任务上并未表现出缺损。这些结果提示，在学龄期儿童中，孤独特质与前瞻记忆的关系较为复杂，受到测量方式的影响。较之实验室任务，孤独特质水平更可能与日常生活中的前瞻记忆错误有关。另外，本研究发现了执行功能在孤独特质水平和前瞻记忆功能之间的中介作用，拓展了对两者关系潜在机制的认识。总言之，本研究关注了前人忽视的研究问题，对儿童孤独特质与前瞻记忆关系进行了系统探讨。同时，研究对前瞻记忆测量工具进行了修订和优化，为未来研究全面考察儿童前瞻记忆功能提供了支持。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/43137]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 宿晓旻. 孤独特质学龄儿童的前瞻记忆研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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