自我诱发的面孔知觉特异性表征
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 蒋毅
|
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 王莉 |
| 关键词 | 自我面孔 知觉表征 特异性 神经机制 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 认知神经科学 |
| 其他题名 | Self-induced specific facial perceptual representation |
| 中文摘要 | As unique self-related stimuli, self-face-specific representations have receivedextensive attention and research at both the behavioral and neural levels. However, self-faces are highly familiar face stimuli, and even if familiar faces are introduced asexperimental controls during the experiment, the confounding of familiarity in self-face-specific studies cannot be completely ruled out, because it is difficult for us to finda match with self-face familiarity control stimulus. Based on the limitations of researchmethods, there is still controversy about whether self-faces have specificrepresentations. Therefore, this study pioneered the associative learning paradigm togenerate self-associated images and other-associated images with the same degree offamiliarity to further excluded the influence of familiarity. Through three levels ofbehavioral level, physiological level, and neural level, we investigated the specificcognitive and neural mechanisms of self-face. At the behavioral level, since the face-related tasks used in previous studies are easily involved in familiarity, this paperadopted a perceptual task unrelated to face processing to explore self-face-specificrepresentations. Existing evidence points out that self-face-specific representations are embodiedin cognitive processes such as recognition, attention, and emotion. However, whetherself-face perception representations are specific remains unknown. Therefore, Study 1combines the size discrimination paradigm and the associative learning paradigm toexamine the specific representation of self-face perception from the spatial dimension.We found that people tended to perceive the self-face as larger when the self-face wasthe same size as the other's face. Further, this size illusion was not derived from facefamiliarity, as it can also be found by directly comparing the size of self and celebrityfaces. What's more, even cartoon faces that are briefly associated with self-faces wasperceived to be larger than other-associated faces, and can even affect the sizeperception of other objects in the environment. These findings demonstrated a novel perceptual illusion that self-face can enlarge its perceived size, pointed to a specialmechanism of size perception tuned to self-referential information and emphasized thecrucial role of self-awareness in size perception. In Study 2, adopting the temporal discrimination paradigm and the associativelearning paradigm, we investigated the specific representation of self-face perceptionfrom the time dimension. Results revealed that people tended to perceive self-faces asshorter when self-faces and celebrity faces were presented for the same duration.Furthermore, the time compression illusion of self-faces could be extended to cartoonfaces associated with self-faces. Interestingly, when celebrity faces were presented forthe same duration as others, people tended to perceive celebrity faces as longer.Moreover, the time dilation illusion of celebrity faces cannot be transferred to cartoonfaces associated with celebrity faces, indicating that self-face specificity, rather thanfamiliarity, could be attached to irrelevant cartoon faces through associative learning,thereby modulating the time perception of self-associated faces. The separation resultsof self-face and celebrity face strongly demonstrated the specificity of the timeperceptual representation of self-face, pointed out the special mechanism of self-relatedinformation regulating time perception, and emphasized the key role of self-awarenessin time perception. In study 3, we introduced pupil size index and explored whether self-face canspecifically regulate pupil size from a physiological level. Using the passive viewingparadigm and the associative learning paradigm, it was found that although the self-face and the other's face were equally bright, the pupils contracted more when seeingthe self-face. Furthermore, pupil constriction induced by self-faces could also beextended to self-associated faces. However, it turned out that familiar faces could notregulate pupil size. Study 3 provided evidence that self-face could specifically modulatepupil size, pointed out the special mechanism of self-related information modulatingpupil size, and emphasized the important role of self-awareness in the regulation ofpupil size. Since familiar faces themselves involve the invocation of different neural networks(such as emotional networks), over-focusing on familiarity can easily lead tomisunderstandings in experimental results, thereby increasing the variability ofresearch results. With the help of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)technology, by using self-associated faces, Study 4 realized the exploration of the brainmechanism of self-face-specific representation without introducing complex variables,and further separated the self-face——the self-face-specific and the self-specific. Thecurrent study found that on the basis of general self-related information (self-specific)processing, the visual sensory cortex(occipito and temporal cortex), the right inferiorfrontal gyrus was specifically involved in self-face processing. Taken together, these findings provided evidence for the view that “self-face isspecial” from three aspects of spatio-temporal perception level, physiological level, andneural level Moreover, at the behavioral level, self-face specific representations arefurther extended to unexplored perceptual domains. In general, these findings providestrong supporting evidence for self-face representation specificity. |
| 英文摘要 | 作为独一无二的自我相关刺激，无论在行为水平还是神经水平，自我面孔表征特异性都得到了普遍关注和广泛研究。同时，自我面孔作为高度熟悉的面孔刺激，即使在探究中引入熟悉面孔作为控制，也无法完全排除面孔熟悉性的混淆，因为我们很难寻得与自我面孔熟悉度匹配的控制刺激。基于研究方法的局限，有关“自我面孔是否具有特异性表征”这一问题尚存争议。因此，本文采用了特殊的面孔联结学习范式，生成了熟悉度相同的自我关联面孔和他人关联面孔，并进一步地借助自我关联面孔排除熟悉性因素的干扰，通过行为指标、生理指标、神经指标三个水平证明了自我面孔具有特异性表征。在行为水平中，由于前人研究采用的面孔相关任务易卷入熟悉性，本文借助与面孔无关的知觉任务探究自我面孔特异性表征。 现有大量证据指出，自我面孔特异性表征表现在识别、注意、情绪等认知过程。然而，在知觉层面，自我面孔是否享有特异性尚未可知。因此，研究一结合大小辨别范式和联结学习范式，从空间维度考察了自我面孔知觉特异性表征。研究发现，当自我面孔和他人面孔大小相同时，人们倾向把自我面孔知觉得更大。而且，直接比较自我面孔和名人面孔的大小也能够重复这一现象，表明这一大小错觉并非源自面孔熟悉性。甚至仅和自我面孔短暂关联的卡通面孔，也会比他人关联面孔知觉得更大，并进一步地影响环境中其它物体的大小知觉。研究一证明了自我面孔在空间维度的知觉表征特异性，指出了自我相关信息调节大小知觉的特殊机制，强调了自我意识在大小知觉中的关键作用。 研究二借助时间辨别范式和联结学习范式，从时间维度考察了自我面孔知觉特异性表征。实验结果表明，当自我面孔和名人面孔呈现时间相同时，人们倾向把自我面孔知觉得更短。而且，自我面孔的时间压缩错觉可以延伸至和自我面孔关联的卡通面孔。有趣的是，当名人面孔和他人面孔呈现时间相同时，人们却倾向把名人面孔知觉得更长。而且，名人面孔的时间延长错觉无法迁移至和名人面孔关联的卡通面孔，这也说明是自我面孔特异性，而不是熟悉性，可以通过联结学习附着至无关紧要的卡通面孔，进而调节了自我关联面孔的时间知觉。自我面孔和名人面孔的分离强有力地证明了自我面孔在时间维度的知觉表征特异性，指出了自我相关信息调节时间知觉的特殊机制，强调了自我意识在时间知觉中的关键作用。 研究三引入了瞳孔大小指标，从生理水平探究了自我面孔是否能够特异性的调节瞳孔大小。借助被动观看范式和联结学习范式，研究发现虽然自我面孔和他人面孔亮度相同，但是瞳孔看到自我面孔能够产生更大的收缩，而熟悉面孔却无法调节瞳孔大小。而且，自我面孔引发的瞳孔收缩效应可以进一步延伸至自我关联面孔。研究三证明了瞳孔大小可以被自我面孔特异性的调制，指出了自我相关信息调节瞳孔大小的特殊机制，强调了自我意识在瞳孔大小调控中的重要作用。 由于熟悉面孔本身涉及不同神经网络（如情绪网络，记忆网络）的调用，熟悉面孔的引入使得自我面孔特异性脑机制探究顾此失彼，因为我们很难界定产生的神经活动由哪一部分认知过程引发。借助功能磁共振成像（functional magneticresonance imaging, fMRI）技术，利用自我关联面孔，研究四实现了在不引入复杂变量的基础上探究自我面孔特异性表征脑机制，并进一步地分离了自我面孔特异性加工的“自我面孔特异性”和“自我特异性”部分。当前研究发现，在一般性自我相关信息（自我特异性）加工基础之上，视觉感觉信息处理脑区（枕颞皮层），右侧额下回特异性的参与了自我面孔加工。 综上所述，这些研究结果从行为水平、生理水平、神经水平三个层面强调了自我面孔具有特异性表征。而且，在行为水平中，把自我面孔特异性表征进一步地延伸至尚未探索的知觉领域。这些发现共同为自我面孔表征“特异性”提供了有力地支持性证据。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/43174]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 蒋毅. 自我诱发的面孔知觉特异性表征[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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