双眼视差知觉学习及其神经机制
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王葛彤
|
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 席洁 |
| 关键词 | 功能性磁共振 神经机制 事件相关电位 双眼视差 知觉学习 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理 |
| 其他题名 | Perceptual learning of binocular disparity and its neural mechanisms |
| 中文摘要 | The images of an object projected to left and right retina have a slight horizontal difference in viewing angle due to the horizontal separation of positions between two eyes. This difference is called binocular disparity. Binocular disparity is the most important clue source for stereopsis, which is crucial for creatures living in a three- dimensional world. Previous behavioral-based studies found that perceptual learning can significantly improve stereoscopic function. However, previous studies have debated the plasticity of binocular disparity perception learning, and its mechanism is unclear. Focusing on the plasticity mechanism of binocular disparity, this study combined psychophysics, ERP, and fMRI techniques to first systematically investigate the similarities and differences in characteristics of stereoscopic perceptual learning under different types of binocular disparity. Study 1 investigated the incidence of stereoanomaly / stereoblindness in domestic adults with normal visual function under different disparity conditions. A total of 121 subjects were recruited, and random-dot stereograms (RDS) of different disparity conditions were used as stimuli to examine their stereopsis under different disparity conditions, and standard tests were also used. It was found that 1.27% of the subjects failed to demonstrate stereoscopic function in any of the tests, and may have stereoblindness. Study 2 used RDS with different disparity conditions as stimuli, and conducted stereoscopic perceptual training on the subjects respectively, and investigated the characteristics of binocular disparity perceptual learning. In the second experiment, 40 subjects were randomly divided into four groups, one of which was the control group, and the other three groups received stereoscopic training under the conditions of zero- order, first-order and second-order disparity respectively. The results showed that the disparity thresholds were significantly decreased under the three training conditions. The transfer of learning effect has a certain asymmetry, which is, the training effect of the higher-order disparity condition can be completely transferred to the lower-order disparity conditions. Still, the learning effect of lower-order disparity conditions is only partially transferable to higher-order disparity conditions. It is suggested that the learning sites of different types of disparity processing may be different. Study 3 used ERP and fMRI to explore the neural mechanism behind binocular disparity perceptual learning. Experiment 3 used ERP to investigate the neural mechanism behind binocular disparity perceptual learning and explore the ERP waveform changes to different disparity stimuli before and after the zero-order and second-order disparity training. A total of 20 subjects were recruited and randomly divided into two groups to receive stereoscopic training under zero-order and second- order disparity conditions, respectively. Their EEG signals were recorded before and after training. Under the zero-order training condition, the training only brought about changes in the peak value of the N1 component at the position of the parieto-occipital and occipital electrodes, and the peak value was significantly increased only under the zero-order disparity condition. Under the second-order disparity training condition, the peak value of the N1 component increased at the parietal, parieto-occipital, and occipital electrode positions under two disparity conditions; at the parietal electrode positions, the second-order disparity training also brought about changes in the P2 component. In experiment 4, fMRI technology was used to investigate the changes in cerebral cortex activation before and after binocular disparity training. A total of 18 subjects were recruited and randomly divided into two groups to receive stereoscopic perceptual training under zero-order and second-order disparity conditions, respectively, and MRI scans before and after training. The results showed that under the zero-order disparity training condition, perceptual learning did not significantly change the activation state of stereopsis-related brain regions, and only the activation of the cingulate cortex and some prefrontal regions decreased. The second-order disparity training significantly improved the activation strength of some temporal and parietal areas and at the same time, increased the activation strength of some secondary visual cortex under the zero-order disparity condition. |
| 英文摘要 | 空间中物体的左右眼视网膜成像会因两眼之间位置的水平性分离而在视角上存在微小的水平差异，这种成像差异被称为双眼视差（binocular disparity）。双眼视差是立体视知觉最重要的信息来源，对身处三维世界的生物至关重要。研究发现，知觉学习可显著提高被试的立体视功能，但以往研究对双眼视差知觉学习的本质和可塑性机制存在争议，对于双眼视差知觉学习的神经机制尚不清楚。本研究以基于双眼视差的立体视功能的可塑性机制为着眼点，结合心理物理学、事件相关电位和功能性磁共振技术，第一次系统考察了“不同类型双眼视差条件下立体视知觉学习特性和神经机制的异同”这一问题。 研究一调查了视锐度正常且无器质性眼病的成年人在不同视差条件下的立体视异常/立体视盲发生率。研究共招募 121 名被试，使用实验室程序产生的不同视差条件的随机点立体图（random-dot stereogram, RDS）作为刺激，考察不同视差条件下的立体视情况，同时也使用标准纸板测试进行立体视锐度测量。结果发现 1.27%的被试未能在任何一项测试中表现出立体视功能，可能存在立体视盲。 研究二使用不同视差条件的 RDS 作为刺激，分别对被试进行立体视知觉训练，考察双眼视差知觉学习的特性与迁移性。实验二将 40 名被试随机分为四组，其中一组为控制组，其余三组分别接受零阶、一阶和二阶视差条件的立体视知觉训练。结果发现，在三种训练条件下，视差阈值均显著下降，且学习效果的迁移存在一定的不对称性，即高阶视差条件的训练效果可以完全迁移至低阶视差条件，但低阶视差条件的学习效果仅能部分迁移至高阶视差条件。该结果提示不同类型视差加工的学习发生位点可能不同。 研究三分别利用 ERP 和 fMRI 技术探究双眼视差知觉学习背后的神经机制。实验三使用 ERP 技术探究不同类型视差训练前后大脑的 ERP 波形的变化。实验将 20 名被试随机分为两组，分别接受零阶和二阶视差条件的立体视知觉训练，并在训练前后记录其脑电信号。零阶视差训练条件下，训练引起顶枕部（如PO3、PO4）和枕部（如 O1、O2）电极位置 N1 成分峰值的改变，且仅在零阶视差条件下峰值显著提高。二阶视差训练条件下，N1 成分峰值在顶部（如 P3、P4）、顶枕部、枕部电极位置和两种视差条件下均有所上升；在顶部电极位置上，二阶视差训练还引起 P2 成分峰值的下降。 实验四利用 fMRI 技术考察双眼视差训练前后大脑皮层激活状态的变化情况。实验将 18 名被试随机分为两组，分别接受零阶和二阶视差条件的立体视知觉训练，并在训练前后进行磁共振扫描。结果表明，零阶视差训练条件下，知觉学习未显著改变立体视相关脑区的激活状态，仅扣带皮层和部分前额叶区域激活强度降低。二阶视差训练则使颞叶和顶叶部分区域激活强度显著提高，同时提高了零阶视差条件下部分中级视皮层的激活强度。 本研究结果证明，立体视知觉学习发生在多个神经位点，相对低阶视差的知觉学习，高阶视差训练涉及更高级的视觉脑区，同时在加工进程上涉及的时程更长，其中包含低阶视差知觉学习所涉及的脑区及加工时程，因此学习效果可以实现更好的迁移。这种不同类型视差知觉学习的渐进式特点，使得我们可以研究知觉学习领域中诸如学习的特异性/迁移性、皮层传递性等重要的理论问题，对于理解学习相关的可塑性本质具有独特和重要的价值；同时，高阶视差训练效果的强迁移性也具有一定的应用价值和临床指导意义。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/43196]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王葛彤. 双眼视差知觉学习及其神经机制[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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