Substance addiction theory suggests that addictive behavior is the result of an imbalance in the interaction between the reflective system ( prefrontal cortex) and the impulsive system ( amygdala striatum)． Substance addiction results in impaired prefrontal-lobe-centered executive control and amygdala-centered emotional function． Cognitive training can improve the performance of addicts in executive control tasks，indicating that cognitive training has a certain rehabilitation effect on impaired executive function． However，whether cognitive training has a transfer effect on reducing the relapse of addictive behaviors remains to be verified． Mindfulness training can decrease negative emotions in addicts，as well as impaired cognitive function，and reduce the abuse of addictive substances． Current research advances suggest that interventional strategies targeting both the reflective system and the impulsive system (especially the latter) may have better effects and application prospects in reducing the recurrence of addictive behaviors．

物质成瘾理论认为，成瘾行为是反思系统(前额叶皮层)和冲动系统(杏仁核-纹状体)之间相互作用失衡的结果。物质成瘾导致前额叶为核心的执行控制和以杏仁核为核心的情绪功能受损。认知训练能提高成瘾者在执行控制任务中的表现，表明认知训练对受损的执行功能具有一定的康复作用，但是否对降低成瘾行为的复发具有迁移效应，还有待验证；正念训练能改善成瘾者的负性情绪，同时也能改善受损的认知功能，并减少成瘾物质的使用。目前的研究进展提示，同时针对反思系统和冲动系统(特别是后者)的干预策略可能对降低成瘾行为的复发具有更好的效果和应用前景。

国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1310405)