Objective: To investigate the moderating effect of parent-adolescent communication frequency on the relationship between primary caregiver's parenting style and adolescent depression of left-behind children(LBC). Methods: The research questionnaire surveyed 1，221 rural students in the seventh，eighth，and ninth grades of three junior high schools in Chunhua County，Xianyang City，Shaanxi Province in the form of online test，of which 942 were valid , including 212 non-LBC, average age of 14.86士0.71，374 LBC with one single parent accompanying，average age of 14.86士0.86，353 LBC without any parent accompanying，average age of 14.86士0.86.The research Was conducted by using the Iowa Youth and Family Project parenting style Scale，composed frequency of parent-child communication of LBC and the Child Depression Inventory. Results:①Adolescent depression was significantly higher in LBC than that in non-LBC，among which LBC without any parent accompanying had highest adolescent depression level (F=11.86，PG0.o1);Compared with non-LBC，LBC experienced significantly higher primary caregiver's negative parenting style and significantly lower primary positive caregiver's parenting style，among which LBC without any parent accompanying experienced highest primary caregiver's negative parenting style and lowest primary positive caregivers parenting style( F = 7.98，7.23; P＜0.01). ②Primary caregivers positive parenting style and parent-adolescent communication frequency significantly positively predicted depression in both LBC without accompanying parents and those with single parent accompanying them(P＜0.01)，primary caregivers negative parenting style significantly and negatively predicted depression in LBC without accompanying parents and those with single parent accompanying them(P<0.01).③The moderating effect of parent-adolescent communication frequency was significant on both the relationship between primary caregiver's parenting style and adolescent depression of LBC without accompanying parents and those with single parent accompanying them(P<0.05). Conclusion: Primary caregiver's parenting style and parent-adolescent communication frequency significantly predict depression in LBC，high frequency of parent-adolescent communication buffers the negative impact from primary caregiver's parenting style and protects LBC's mental health.

目的:了解主要看护人教养方式对留守青少年抑郁的影响，以及外出打工父母与孩子的沟通频率对二者关系的调节作用。方法:研究对象为陕西省咸阳市淳化县3所初中七年级、八年级、九年级的1221名农村初中生，问卷有效被试942人，其中非留守青少年215人，平均年龄14.86±0.71岁，单亲外出留守青少年374人，平均年龄14.86±0.86岁，双亲外出留守青少年353人，平均年龄14.77±0.89岁。采用爱荷华青少年和家庭项目的教养方式问卷(Parenting Style Scale)、自编亲子沟通频率问卷和儿童抑郁量表(Children's Depression Inventory)分别测量主要看护人的教养方式、外出打工父母与留守青少年的亲子沟通频率以及留守青少年的抑郁症状水平。结果:(1)留守青少年的抑郁症状水平显著高于非留守，其中双亲外出打工家庭的初中生抑郁水平最高(F=11.86,P<0.01);(2)单、双亲外出留守青少年抑郁症状水平与亲子沟通频率和主要看护人的积极教养方式均显著负相关(P<0.01),与主要看护人消极教养方式均显著正相关(P<0.01);(3)亲子沟通频率在主要看护人教养方式与单、双亲外出留守青少年抑郁症状水平之间均起到调节作用(P<0.05),外出打工父母与留守青少年的亲子沟通频率越高，主要看护人教养方式对留守青少年抑郁症状的影响越小，反之则越大。结论:主要看护人教养方式、亲子沟通频率均能预测留守青少年的抑郁，高亲子沟通频率可以缓冲主要看护人教养方式对留守青少年抑郁的影响，对留守青少年心理健康起到了保护作用。

国家自然科学基金项目(编号：31530031)