Objective To explore the correlation of temperament type and mother's emotional state with acute respiratory tract infections in children so as to provide evidence for comprehensive treatment of the infections. Methods A total of 200 children aged between 3 and 6 were enrolled in this study from two kindergartens of Guangzhou and Hengyang. The mothers were invited to complete a questionnaire of the children's general information followed by assessment using children's temperament scale and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale. Results The total incidence of acute respiratory infection was significantly higher in children with a hard-to-raise temperament than the easy-to-raise children (P<0.05); the incidences of acute rhinitis, acute pharyngitis, acute laryngitis and acute bronchitis were all significantly higher in the hard-to-raise children (P<0.05). A significant positive correlation was identified between the total number of episodes of acute respiratory tract infection in children and their mothers' stress and anxiety levels (P<0.01). Acute rhinitis and acute tracheitis in the children were both positively correlated with the mothers' stress scores (P<0.05), while acute pharyngitis and acute laryngitis were positively correlated with the mothers' anxiety scores (P<0.05), while acute bronchitis was positively correlated with the mothers' stress and anxiety scores (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis with the factors influencing the types of acute respiratory tract infections in children as the independent variables suggested that the easy-to-raise type of temperament was a protective factor against acute rhinitis in children (P<0.05), while mothers' anxiety was a risk factor of acute laryngitis in children (P<0.05); the mothers' stress was a risk factor for acute bronchitis in children (P<0.05). Conclusion Acute respiratory tract infection in children is closely related to the temperament type of the children and the emotional state of the mothers, which are important therapeutic targets in comprehensive interventions of acute respiratory tract infection in children.

目的 探讨儿童急性呼吸道感染与其气质类型和母亲情绪状态之间的关系，为临床对儿童急性呼吸道感染开展生物-心理-社会因素综合诊疗提供重要参考。方法 在广州市及衡阳市便利选取2家幼儿园200名3～6岁儿童开展问卷调查，由儿童母亲完成一般资料调查问卷表、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表、儿童气质量表。结果 难养型儿童急性呼吸道感染总比例较易养型儿童高（P<0.05），急性鼻炎、急性咽炎、急性喉炎和急性支气管炎的比例更高（P<0.05）；儿童急性呼吸道感染总次数与母亲的压力和焦虑都存在显著正相关（P<0.01），其中急性鼻炎和急性气管炎与母亲的压力得分呈正相关（P<0.05），急性咽炎和急性喉炎与母亲的焦虑得分呈正相关（P<0.05），急性支气管炎则与母亲的压力和焦虑得分均呈正相关（P<0.05）；以影响儿童不同急性呼吸道感染类型的相关因素为自变量进行多元线性回归分析，气质易养型是儿童急性鼻炎的保护因素（P<0.05），母亲焦虑是儿童急性喉炎的危险因素（P<0.05），母亲压力是儿童急性气管炎的危险因素（P