The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the percentage of married women's income in the total income of the couple (hereinafter referred to as "income proportion") and their psychological distress level (hereinafter referred to as "distress level"), and the mediating role of sense of control, as well as the moderating role of the sense of traditional gender roles and family support. A nationwide survey was conducted among married women through the Internet using a questionnaire consisted of the existing scales for distress level, sense of control, sense of traditional gender roles and family support, together with questions about demographic variables. A total of 405 valid questionnaires were recovered; regression analysis was carried out with the income proportion as the independent variable, the distress level as the dependent variable, the sense of control as the mediating variable, and the sense of traditional gender roles and the family support as the moderating variables. As the results, the income proportion and distress level showed a U-shaped curve relationship (the coefficient of the independent variable x2 is positive, t=-4.15, P<0.001); the sense of control played a partial mediating role (income proportion-distress level t=-2.45, P =0.015; income proportion-control-distress level confidence interval [0.01, 0.73]); sense of traditional gender roles play a moderating role (the curve shapes of the three levels are different), as well as the family support (the curve shapes of the three levels are different). The conclusions can be drawn that the proportion of married women's income in the total income of the couple has a U-shaped curve relationship with the psychological distress level, which is partly established through the sense of control; the strength of traditional gender roles of their own and the level of family support they receive have an important impact on the distress level.