Abstract：It is unclear whether antidepressants have the same effects on the brain function at different periods of treatment.In this paper, in order to improve the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of antidepressants from brain network level, find the target of antidepressants, optimize treatment strategy, four common neuroimaging techniques were reviewed to investigate the changes of brain functional imaging in patients with major depressive disorder at different periods (short-term, acute and long-term) after antidepressant treatment.After short-term antidepressant treatment, the changes of brain functional imaging mainly involved the amygdala, insula, prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and so on, and these short-term changes of brain functional imaging could predict acute efficiency.After acute stage of antidepressant treatment, the changes of brain functional imaging were mostly located in the brain regions of cortical-limbic circuit and default mode network.The effect of long-term antidepressant treatment on brain functional imaging still needs to be further studied.In the future, the experimental design should be optimized and multiple neuroimaging techniques should be combined to conduct longitudinal long-term studies at multiple time points.

抗抑郁药物在不同治疗时期对脑功能产生的影响是否相同仍不清楚。本文借助4种常见的神经影像技术探讨抗抑郁药物治疗后不同时期(短期、急性期和长期)抑郁症患者脑功能影像的变化，以期从脑网络水平增进对抗抑郁药物神经生物学机制的理解，发现药物作用靶点，优化治疗方案。短期抗抑郁药物治疗后脑功能影像变化主要涉及杏仁核、脑岛、前额叶、背侧前扣带回等，短期脑功能影像变化可预测急性期疗效。急性期抗抑郁药物治疗后脑功能影像变化集中在皮质-边缘环路、默认网络相关脑区。长期抗抑郁药物治疗对脑功能影像的影响有待进一步研究。未来应优化试验设计，综合多种神经影像技术进行多时点长期纵向研究。