The risk-taking tendency in human decision-making is not entirely negative. It can be positive and pro-social when the purpose is beneficial to others or society. Recently, several scholars have investigated and compared the internal mechanisms of the generation and development of individual negative risk and positive prosocial behaviors using research methods from developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. They found overlapping neural circuits, thus, they proposed the concept of prosocial risky behavior. This term refers to the dual positive nature of individual risk-taking and prosocial tendencies in a given behavior. It provides a theoretical premise for the tendency of harmful human behavior to shift in a positive direction. Prosocial risky behavior is risk-taking for the benefit of others or for general social welfare. It is dangerous yet prosocial. Thus, it often alternates with risky negative behavior. Prosocial risky behavior is difficult to identify in everyday life. However, to some extent it shows the hallmarks of positive, healthy human development. For prosocial risky behavior, the current research is scattered, lacking systematic classification. Previous studies have interpreted only its mechanisms and neural basis regarding risk or social preference. Some previous studies have regarded prosocial risky behavior as simple prosocial behavior, focusing primarily on the influence of risk factors (risk preferences). Other researchers regarded prosocial risky behavior as simple risk-taking behavior, mainly focusing on prosocial motivation’s influence (social preferences). Less so, with this concern, but special social behavior. This study’s objective is to examine the concept of prosocial risky behavior, including its definition and measurement. It aims to achieve an integrated view of prosocial behavior and risk behavior, and clarify their connection from the perspective of risk and social preferences in the evolution of prosocial risky behavior. A novel theoretical model of prosocial risky behavior is constructed. Furthermore, the study provides a detailed explanation of the neural basis and temporal processing characteristics of prosocial risky behavior. Future research should clarify the psychological structure of prosocial risky behavior, optimize its paradigm, and compare framing effect features and their cognitive neural mechanisms, specifically with reference to economics and social decision-making. In addition, future research should explore the characteristics and developmental rules of prosocial risky behavior across the lifespan related to: Decision-makers, decision-making objects, and decision situations. This effort could deepen our understanding of its characteristics and mechanisms and reveal how the framing effect works in prosocial risky behavior. In addition, it should clarify its potential neural mechanisms providing a practical and reliable empirical basis for verifying a theoretical model of prosocial risky behavior. Simultaneously, it has important, instructive theoretical implications for the stimulation of prosocial risky behavior and the promotion of individual performance.

亲社会风险行为(prosocial risky behavior)是指为了他人利益或社会福利做出的冒险行为. 因兼具亲社会性和风险性, 且经常与消极的风险行为交替发生, 亲社会风险行为在日常生活中难以被识别, 但在一定程度上表现出了人类积极健康发展的特点. 在明确亲社会风险行为概念的来源、界定及其测量方法的基础上, 本文借鉴了亲社会行为和风险行为的解释路径, 从风险偏好和社会偏好整合加工的视角对人类亲社会风险行为的前因研究成果进行了归纳, 进而构建了一个新颖的亲社会风险行为理论模型, 并系统阐述了其大脑神经基础和时间加工进程特点. 未来的研究应进一步明确亲社会风险行为的心理结构, 优化其研究范式, 比较经济与社会决策领域下框架效应的特点及其认知神经机制, 并探索不同方面的因素对亲社会风险行为的影响作用.