Mars exploration is the biggest hot spot of deep space exploration after lunar exploration, and it is also an important target of manned planetary exploration in the future. For Mars exploration, the detection of its surface material composition is one of the important scientific tasks. This paper mainly introduces a new method for the detection of material components on the surface of Mars-Raman spectroscopy technology, briefly explains the principle of Raman scattering, summarizes the research progress of Raman spectroscopy technology for the detection of material components on the surface of Mars at home and abroad, and analyzes the development prospect of Raman spectroscopy technology in the field of Mars exploration. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.