The telescope's image quality will deteriorate dramatically when the sensitive optical components are misaligned.  Therefore, a dynamic interferometer or star simulator is usually used to measure the misalignment information of the  sensitive optical components, which can guide the calibration of these misalignments. In this work, we proposed a new  alignment method that the pupil of the telescope is structurally illuminated by a bundle of collimated laser beams firstly,  then the low order aberrations of coma and astigmatism generated by the misalignments are calculated by the deformed  pattern of the laser beams which are recorded by the CCD at the position of in-focus and out-focus, the misalignment  information can be inversely calculated by these aberrations and the telescope can be calibrated by the misalignment  information. Compared to the existing alignment method, this technology can significantly decrease the requirements of  precision measuring instruments or standard star points, etc., and can be used in the alignments of the telescope with  different apertures and different working environments, such as the Antarctica telescope.