A chalcogenide hollow-core anti-resonance fiber (HC-ARF) filter based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 3 mu m band is designed. The substrate materials are As40S60 and GeAsS, which are used to create the conditions for the formation of SPR, so as to realize the directional energy coupling in the specific polarization direction of the fiber. The effects of core diameter, capillary radius, and capillary wall thickness on the polarization performance of HC-ARF filter are analyzed by full-vector finite element method (FV-FEM). The numerical results show that the confinement loss of x-polarized fundamental mode (FM) reaches 1917.24 dB/m at the wavelength of 3.02 mu m, while that of y-polarized FM is 23.11 dB/m. When the fiber length is 8 mm, the bandwidth with extinction ratio (ER) better than 20 dB covers the wavelength range of 320 nm. In addition, the resonance wavelength can be effectively adjusted by changing the capillary wall thickness. The proposed HC-ARF filter has potential applications in biomedicine, scientific research, and atmospheric detection.