Objective To explore the correlation of temperament type and mother's emotional state with acute respiratory tract infections in children so as to provide evidence for comprehensive treatment of the infections. Methods A total of 200 children aged between 3 and 6 were enrolled in this study from two kindergartens of Guangzhou and Hengyang. The mothers were invited to complete a questionnaire of the children's general information followed by assessment using children's temperament scale and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale. Results The total incidence of acute respiratory infection was significantly higher in children with a hard-to-raise temperament than the easy-to-raise children (P<0.05); the incidences of acute rhinitis, acute pharyngitis, acute laryngitis and acute bronchitis were all significantly higher in the hard-to-raise children (P<0.05). A significant positive correlation was identified between the total number of episodes of acute respiratory tract infection in children and their mothers' stress and anxiety levels (P<0.01). Acute rhinitis and acute tracheitis in the children were both positively correlated with the mothers' stress scores (P<0.05), while acute pharyngitis and acute laryngitis were positively correlated with the mothers' anxiety scores (P<0.05), while acute bronchitis was positively correlated with the mothers' stress and anxiety scores (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis with the factors influencing the types of acute respiratory tract infections in children as the independent variables suggested that the easy-to-raise type of temperament was a protective factor against acute rhinitis in children (P<0.05), while mothers' anxiety was a risk factor of acute laryngitis in children (P<0.05); the mothers' stress was a risk factor for acute bronchitis in children (P<0.05). Conclusion Acute respiratory tract infection in children is closely related to the temperament type of the children and the emotional state of the mothers, which are important therapeutic targets in comprehensive interventions of acute respiratory tract infection in children.

以J省431名家庭经济困难大学生为调查对象，运用描述性统计与相关分析及多元回归分析，探究家庭经济困难大学生获得感对心理适应性的影响程度及其作用机制。研究发现：家庭经济困难大学生心理适应性水平偏低、获得感偏弱；学校道德氛围在家庭经济困难大学生获得感影响心理适应性过程中起到了部分中介作用。因此，提升家庭经济困难大学生心理适应性，需要重塑“生理性”和“心理性”的获得感，增强校园“公正感”和“关爱感”的道德氛围，提升家庭经济困难大学生的心理适应能力，创造和谐健康的校园环境。

湖南省“十三五”教育科学规划项目(XJK18QGD001)