Two-dimensional (2D) tangible image is an important alternative way for visually impaired people to obtain image information. Most existing tactile 2D images are tangible line drawings directly transformed from visual 2D images. The expression of spatial information in the visual 2D images usually follows principles of perspective and viewpoint transforming three-dimensional (3D) space into 2D planar. The mapping from 2D image to 3D space in visual system is learned through long-time perceptual learning. However, it still needs further exploration about cognitive mechanisms of 2D-to-3D spatial information transformation established by haptic system in haptic recognition of 2D images. The visual factors that affect 2D to 3D spatial information transformation in haptic recognition of 2D images mainly include perspective, viewpoint, occlusion, texture gradient, and hollow-out. When directly transforming 2D visual images into 2D tactile images, the visual factors mentioned above usually interfere with tactile recognition. Based on the findings of existing research, a dual-imagery processing model is proposed to explain the mechanisms of 2D-to-3D spatial information transformation by touching 2D tangible images. According to the model, haptic recognition of 2D images depends on the integration of two imagery systems, i.e., the object imagery system concerning about the size, shape, and texture features of an object, and the spatial imagery system concerning about the spatial relationship of the object following perspective and viewpoint principles. The successful integration of information from the two imagery systems requires the match between the object imagery to the spatial imagery based on the mapping of 2D image to 3D space. Dual-imagery processing model could contribute to the further exploration of haptic recognition and related cognitive mechanism, and provide theoretical guidance for the design of 2D tangible images.

背景 我国参与照顾孙辈的祖辈占比已达80%，研究发现祖辈照顾孙辈可能增加祖辈抑郁风险，从而严重影响其生活质量。既往研究表明祖辈-父辈共同养育冲突、祖辈的长辈价值感和个人掌控感均是祖辈抑郁的影响因素，但其对祖辈抑郁的作用机制仍有待揭示。目的 剖析祖辈-父辈共同养育冲突对祖辈抑郁的影响，检验祖辈的个人掌控感在其中的中介作用及祖辈的长辈价值感在其中的调节效应。方法 本研究采用线上调查和线下调查相结合的方式。采用滚雪球抽样、方便抽样法，于2021年8—11月选取参与养育孙辈的631例（外）祖父母为研究对象，采用祖父母-父母共同养育问卷、个人掌控感问卷、祖父母意义问卷及流调中心抑郁量表（CES-D）中文简版对其进行调查。采用Pearson相关分析祖辈的祖辈-母亲共同养育冲突得分、祖辈-父亲共同养育冲突得分、个人掌控感问卷得分、祖父母意义问卷长辈价值感维度得分、CES-D中文简版得分间的相关性，采用PROCESS宏程序检验祖辈个人掌控感在祖辈-父辈共同养育冲突与祖辈抑郁关系中的中介作用，以及祖辈的长辈价值感在其中的调节效应，并绘制简单斜率图。结果 共回收有效问卷626份，问卷有效回收率为99.2%。626例（外）祖父母中，12.0%(75/626)存在抑郁倾向。祖辈的CES-D中文简版得分[（5.36±4.14）分]与其祖辈-母亲共同养育冲突得分[（9.87±3.08）分]、祖辈-父亲共同养育冲突得分[（7.34±3.25）分]呈正相关（r=0.28、0.35,P<0.05），与其个人掌控感问卷得分[（12.61±5.48）分]、祖父母意义问卷长辈价值感维度得分[（84.13±8.58）分]呈负相关（r=-0.25、-0.21,P<0.05）。祖辈个人掌控感在祖辈-母亲、祖辈-父亲共同养育冲突与祖辈抑郁的关系中起部分中介作用（间接效应值分别为0.05、0.04，分别占总效应值的17.2%、11.4%）；祖辈的长辈价值感对祖辈-母亲、祖辈-父亲共同养育冲突与祖辈抑郁的关系起调节效应（b=-0.06、-0.07,P<0.05）。简单斜率检验结果显示，对于长辈价值感水平较低的祖辈，祖辈-父亲、祖辈-母亲共同养育冲突对其抑郁的影响更大。结论 祖辈-父辈共同养育冲突，无论是发生在祖辈与孙辈母亲间还是祖辈与孙辈父亲间，都是影响祖辈抑郁的重要因素，祖辈个人掌控感在祖辈-父辈共同养育冲突与祖辈抑郁的关系中起中介作用，而祖辈的长辈价值感在其中存在调节效应。可通过减少祖辈-父辈共同养育冲突、增强祖辈的个人掌控感和长辈价值感，降低参与养育孙辈的祖辈的抑郁风险，提高其心理健康水平。

国家社会科学基金项目（18BSH117）——不同家庭结构父亲参与和合作养育对儿童社会情绪行为的影响研究